Figure 4
From: A comparative study of freeze-drying heat transfer in polymeric vials and glass vials
Experimental validation of the developed multiphysics model for hybrid COP vials. Comparison between the simulated and experimental values obtained for the total heat flow rate (W) regarding three types of vials studied at four different thermodynamic conditions (various Ts and Pc) shown at (A–D). Error bar shows standard deviation (n = 3 runs).
