Figure 3
From: Wolf genetic diversity compared across Europe using the yardstick method

Distribution of wolves in Europe (based on Kaczensky et al.26) and genetic diversity indices reported in various studies calibrated using the “yardstick” method11. Overall, both calibrated heterozygosity and calibrated allelic richness showed a general increase from south-west to north-east, similar to that observed by Hindrikson et al.15. Studies that reported parameter values are included—see Supplemental Table S2.