Table 1 Deep-sea manned submersible HMI PSF summary.
From: An evaluation method for HMI of deep-sea manned submersible based on human reliability
Dimension | PSF | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|
L–L | S1: Physical performance | Individual’s physical performance is different, and good physical performance can help individuals better complete tasks. Such as vision, physical coordination, etc | |
S2: Fatigue level | Fatigue is a common factor for operators, and long time operation will cause fatigue. Fatigue has been proved by many scholars to be a significant factor affecting work efficiency | ||
S3: Emotional stat-us | Individual psychological and emotional performance. Emotions can be expressed through an individual's work state. Positive emotions are associated with high productivity, while negative emotions often lead to dangerous accidents | ||
S4: Knowledge skills and performance | An individual's level of knowledge is a factor in determining job performance, and a high level of knowledge is usually associated with good performance | ||
S5: Concentrate level | In the process of performing a task, the level of concentration is directly related to the successful operation of the task | ||
S6: Awareness of work responsibility | The awareness of work responsibility refers to the individual's responsible attitude towards work. Individuals with strong awareness of responsibility will be aware of the coming danger and solve it in time to avoid accidents | ||
S7: Reasonable st-aff selection and deployment | Reasonableness of the selection of submariner members and the deployment of positions in the team. Individual ability to meet the job requirements | ||
S8: Clear division of labour and responsibility | Whether team members are clear about their roles and responsibilities. Many scholars have found that this factor hasan important impact on the completion of tasks | ||
S9: Level of teamwork | The level of information exchange between team members and the level of operational cooperation, etc. Frequent exchange of information between members will reduce the occurrence of accidents | ||
L–H | S10: Information conveyed through digital interfaces | Digital interface is the main way of information transfer. Prominence display of important information on the digital interface, quick access to information, clarity, legibility and reliability of text and symbols, etc | |
S11: Signs for directions | Accuracy and distinguishability of indicators and symbols in the display panel. These will affect the individual's capture of information, resulting in human error | ||
S12: Display and control device layout | The visibility of the display, the accessibility of the control areas, the logical layout of the combi-nation of display and control areas, the functionality of the centre console adapted to the experience and habits of the submariner, etc | ||
S13: General layo-ut of the space | Structural size of the working area, access and mobility space, etc. The narrow space of manned submersible will bring inconvenience to the operator, and the space layout plays an important role in reducing human error | ||
S14: Seats & chairs | The suitability of the seat structure to the seating position and the comfort of the human spine. Sitting for long periods of time can cause discomfort in areas such as the waist and spin which can affect work performance | ||
S15: Communication equipment | Adequacy of the working condition of the communication equipment, stability and clarity of the communication signals. The communication equipment inside the submersible is crucial, and the timely transmission of information to the corresponding posts is the key to preventing accidents | ||
S16: Workstation alarm equipment | The clarity and meaning of the warning signals in the work cabin. When the warning message is obvious and easy to understand, the operator can quickly deal with the danger and avoid accidents | ||
S17: Level of systematization and automation | The higher the level of system automation, the less the load on the staff, which can improve the situational awareness of the staff. The level of system automation is conducive to reducing human error | ||
L–S | S18: Integrity of t-he interface displ-ay | Information is displayed on the interface, whether all the key information needed by the staff can be displayed. A integrity display of information is available to support staff in making correct decisions | |
S19: Reasonablen-ess of the software feedback system | Whether the feedback from the software to the submariner is effective in motivating them to work. Reasonable software feedback system can improve the enthusiasm of staff, so as to work more actively | ||
S20: Adequacy of software system training | Whether the work training and practical operation status covers all work scenarios. All software system functions should be fully trained for staff to reduce accidents caused by emergencies | ||
S21: Integrity of t-he software opera-ting procedures | Whether the submersible submariner's procedures and specifications for performing operational tasks are adequate. A good software system should have detailed instructions for each step, so that the operator can complete the operation quickly | ||
S22: Reasonablen-ess of system operation time | The running time of the system should conform to the rest habits of the operators. Too long operation time will bring fatigue to the operators, which will cause the resistance of the operators and lead to the occurrence of accidents | ||
S23: Emergencies and preparedness | The integrity of the emergency response system and the reliability of the software implementation for responding to emergencies. The management of emergency situations is the key to preventing dangerous accidents | ||
S24: System security level | The level of safety of the system is adequate for the psychological requirement of the submariner. Unsafe systems can lead to a psychological burden on operators when performing operations, which can lead to more human accidents | ||
S25: System interconnection level | Whether the software system allows for interaction with other submariner members and collaboration in the accomplishment of tasks. The higher the level of system interconnection, the more frequent the communication between operators, thus reducing accidents | ||
L–E | S26: Microclimate | Whether the microclimate, such as air pressure, temperature, humidity and ventilation, is conducive to the physiological comfort of the submariner and improves operational efficiency | |
S27: Lighting and color | Whether the lighting and colors are suitable for the visual recognition and communication of visual information to the submariner | ||
S28: Noise and vibration | Whether noise and vibration are suitable for the hearing sensitivity, operational accuracy and emotional state of the submariner |
