Table 1 Summary of hybrid artificial intelligence methods by parameter optimization for flow forecasting.

From: Short-term streamflow modeling using data-intelligence evolutionary machine learning models

Reference

Case study

Hybrid model

32

Iraq

Differential evolution integrated into multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS-DE)

33

Brazil

Echo state network and multi-objective optimization design (ESN-MOB)

34

Malaysia

Firefly optimization algorithm and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS-FFA)

35

Pakistan

Particle swarm optimization algorithm and neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS-PSO)

37

Egypt

support vector regression with grey wolf optimization (GWO-SVR)

38

Algeria

Wavelet support vector regression with grey wolf optimization (GWO-WSVR)

39

India

Harris Hawks optimization and support vector regression (SVR-HHO)

40

China

Extreme learning machine with flower pollination algorithm (ELM-FPA)

41

Pakistan

Particle swarm optimization and gray wolf optimization with extreme learning machine (ELM-PSOGWO)

53

Iran

Support vector regression optimized by grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) with LASSO input selection

36

Iraq

Extreme learning machine model with salp swarm algorithm (SSA-ELM)

42

Turkey

Gated recurrent unit with grey wolf algorithm (GWO-GRU)

43

Malaysia

Particle swarm optimization and support vector machine (PSO-SVM)

44

Tukey

Hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithms with feed-forward neural network (FFN-PSOGSA)

45

Iran

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems with grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO-ANFIS)

46

Pakistan

ANFIS with gradient-based optimization (GBO) (GBO-ANFIS)

47

Iran

ANFIS with GWO