Table 3 Balance parameters (mean ± standard deviation) at baseline and follow-up in the CG and IG.
Control (CG, n = 33) | Intervention (IG, n = 37) | CG vs IG p-value | CG vs IG ηp2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow-up | % change | p-value | Baseline | Follow-up | % change | p-value | |||
Double stance—eyes open | ||||||||||
COM sway, cm2 | 0.24 ± 0.19 | 0.37 ± 0.43 | − 35.14 | 0.024 | 0.27 ± 0.28 | 0.27 ± 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.557 | 0.010 | 0.040 |
Ankle sway, deg2 | 3.27 ± 3.12 | 2.98 ± 2.08 | 9.73 | 0.518 | 3.06 ± 2.17 | 3.06 ± 2.25 | 0.00 | 0.197 | 0.694 | 0.003 |
Hip sway, deg2 | 3.39 ± 3.44 | 4.19 ± 4.29 | − 19.09 | 0.982 | 3.15 ± 2.40 | 3.68 ± 3.34 | − 14.40 | 0.052 | 0.364 | 0.001 |
Double stance—eyes closed | ||||||||||
COM sway, cm2 | 0.12 ± 0.11 | 0.17 ± 0.16 | − 29.41 | 0.422 | 0.22 ± 0.23 | 0.20 ± 0.19 | 10.00 | 0.362 | 0.040 | 0.033 |
Ankle sway, deg2 | 2.06 ± 2.04 | 2.82 ± 2.31 | − 26.95 | 0.612 | 2.52 ± 2.12 | 3.09 ± 2.98 | − 18.44 | 0.267 | 0.597 | 0.001 |
Hip sway, deg2 | 2.04 ± 2.31 | 3.08 ± 3.52 | − 33.77 | 0.025 | 2.66 ± 2.26 | 3.07 ± 3.04 | − 13.36 | 0.354 | 0.111 | 0.009 |
Semi-tandem—eyes open | ||||||||||
COM sway, cm2 | 0.20 ± 0.17 | 0.45 ± 0.70 | − 55.56 | 0.244 | 0.31 ± 0.33 | 0.22 ± 0.20 | 40.91 | 0.134 | 0.003 | 0.109 |
Ankle sway, deg2 | 3.26 ± 3.22 | 4.53 ± 4.47 | − 28.04 | 0.074 | 3.45 ± 3.15 | 2.85 ± 2.38 | 21.05 | 0.086 | 0.008 | 0.050 |
Hip sway, deg2 | 2.93 ± 2.56 | 3.75 ± 3.18 | − 21.87 | 0.873 | 4.21 ± 3.81 | 3.14 ± 2.76 | 34.08 | 0.427 | 0.038 | 0.061 |
Semi-tandem—eyes closed | ||||||||||
COM sway, cm2 | 0.17 ± 0.16 | 0.41 ± 0.51 | − 58.56 | 0.792 | 0.24 ± 0.16 | 0.30 ± 0.29 | − 20.00 | 0.909 | 0.074 | 0.044 |
Ankle sway, deg2 | 3.35 ± 3.60 | 5.28 ± 4.27 | − 36.56 | 0.127 | 4.04 ± 2.86 | 3.16 ± 2.29 | 27.85 | 0.685 | 0.002 | 0.098 |
Hip sway, deg2 | 2.83 ± 2.93 | 4.94 ± 5.38 | − 42.71 | 0.409 | 3.52 ± 2.42 | 3.56 ± 2.75 | − 1.12 | 0.925 | 0.050 | 0.061 |
