Table 4 Adjusted odds ratios of bone status associated with BMI strata with or without metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption.

From: Linking metabolic syndrome with low bone mass through insights from BMI and health behaviors

Factors

Model 1

Model 2

Normal

MLBD

SLBD

MLBD vs. SLBD

%

%

aOR

(95% CI)

%

aOR

(95% CI)

aOR Ratio

(95% CI)

Alcohol consumption (−)

 Obesity status with or without MetS

  BMI < 24 with no MetS

50.9

50.4

Ref

 

47.0

Ref

 

Ref

 

  BMI < 24 with MetS

1.1

1.3

1.1

(0.93–1.39)

1.7

1.4

(0.93–2.04)

1.2

(0.80–1.83)

  BMI ≥ 24 with no MetS

31.1

27.3

1.0

(0.91–1.05)

25.8

0.8

(0.65–0.90)

0.8*

(0.66–0.93)

  BMI ≥ 24 with MetS

11.5

12.5

1.2*

(1.10–1.37)

13.5

1.0

(0.79–1.22)

0.8

(0.63–1.00)

Alcohol consumption (+)

 Obesity status with or without MetS

  BMI < 24 with no MetS

2.2

3.2

0.9

(0.76–1.00)

4.7

0.9

(0.72–1.19)

1.1

(0.81–1.38)

  BMI < 24 with MetS

0.1

0.2

1.2

(0.72–2.14)

0.7

2.1*

(1.06–4.22)

1.7

(0.84–3.43)

  BMI ≥ 24 with no MetS

2.0

2.9

1.0

(0.83–1.11)

4.1

0.9

(0.68–1.19)

0.9

(0.69–1.26)

  BMI ≥ 24 with MetS

1.1

2.2

1.4*

(1.16–1.67)

2.5

0.9

(0.64–1.33)

0.7

(0.46–0.99)

  1. Model 1: Used ‘BMI < 24 with no MetS in non-alcohol drinkers’ as reference group. The aORs were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, marital status, cigarette smoking, regular exercise, vegetarian status and BMI.
  2. Model 2: Used ‘BMI < 24 with no MetS in non-alcohol drinkers’ as reference group, and compared the odds of SLBD relative to MLBD. The aORs were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, marital status, cigarette smoking, regular exercise, vegetarian status and BMI.
  3. BMI body mass index, MetS metabolic syndrome, MLBD mild low bone density, denotes T score between − 1.5 and − 2.5, SLBD severe low bone density, denotes T-scores ≤ − 2.5, Ref. reference.
  4. *p < 0.05.
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