Table 5 Adjusted odds ratios of bone status associated with BMI strata with or without metabolic syndrome and exercise.

From: Linking metabolic syndrome with low bone mass through insights from BMI and health behaviors

Factors

Model 1

Model 2

Normal

MLBD

SLBD

MLBD vs. SLBD

%

%

aOR

(95% CI)

%

aOR

(95% CI)

aOR Ratio

(95% CI)

Regular exercise (−)

 Obesity status with or without MetS

  BMI < 24 with no MetS

39.4

42.1

Ref

 

39.9

Ref

 

Ref

 

  BMI < 24 with MetS

0.9

1.3

1.2

(0.96–1.46)

2.2

1.8*

(1.24–2.54)

1.5*

(1.03–2.19)

  BMI ≥ 24 with no MetS

24.3

23.6

1.0

(0.93–1.09)

24.5

0.8

(0.72–1.00)

0.8

(0.70–1.00)

  BMI ≥ 24 with MetS

9.9

12.0

1.2*

(1.12–1.38)

13.1

1.0

(0.78–1.22)

0.8*

(0.62–0.99)

Regular exercise (+)

 Obesity status with or without MetS

  BMI < 24 with no MetS

13.8

11.4

0.7

(0.65–0.76)

11.7

0.7*

(0.60–0.83)

1.0

(0.85–1.19)

  BMI < 24 with MetS

0.2

0.3

0.8

(0.48–1.17)

0.2

0.4

(0.12–1.23)

0.5

(0.15–1.70)

  BMI ≥ 24 with no MetS

8.8

6.5

0.7*

(0.58–0.72)

5.4

0.4*

(0.33–0.54)

0.6*

(0.50–0.84)

  BMI ≥ 24 with MetS

2.7

2.8

1.0

(0.83–1.14)

3.0

0.7

(0.52–1.01)

0.7

(0.52–1.05)

  1. Model 1: Used ‘BMI < 24 with no MetS and no regular exercise’ as reference group. The aORs were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, vegetarian status and BMI.
  2. Model 2: Used ‘BMI < 24 with no MetS and no regular exercise’ as reference group, and compared the odds of SLBD relative to MLBD. The aORs were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, vegetarian status and BMI.
  3. BMI body mass index, MetS metabolic syndrome, MLBD mild low bone density, denotes T score between − 1.5 and − 2.5, SLBD severe low bone density, denotes T-scores ≤ − 2.5, Ref. reference.
  4. *p < 0.05.
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