Table 4 Performance comparison with closely related water quality forecasting models.

From: Aquaculture 4.0: hybrid neural network multivariate water quality parameters forecasting model

Error

Statistics

LSTM

NN

BPNN

SAE-LSTM NN

SAE-BPNN

EEMD–MLR–LSTM NN

Run Time (s)

23.2

3.6

29.6

9.1

3.7

MAE

0.1590

0.4530

0.1260

0.4060

0.0375

MSE

0.0398

0.3013

0.0242

0.2428

0.0024

RMSE

0.1995

0.5489

0.1556

0.4927

0.0489

MAPE

0.0160

0.0450

0.0130

0.0419

0.0072