Table 1 Studies on signature-band extraction or selection with deep learning methods.

Zhan et al.¹⁹

Occlusion based method

Classification of Indian Pines data sets

Darling et al.²⁰

Produced contribution matrix by trained weight matrix

Classification of U.S. Army ERDC data sets

Mou et al.²¹

Deep reinforcement learning

Classification of Pavia University, Botswana, Indian Pines, and MUUFL Gulfport data sets

Elkholy et al.²²

Unsupervised learning with deep autoencoder unmixing

Classification of Kennedy Space Center data sets

Cai et al.²³

Contribution map-based CNN

Classification of Pavia University and Indian Pines data sets

This study

Absolute mean of the integrated gradients method

Regression on multispectral data sets