Table 1 Effect of combined treatments of chlorantraniliprole (Cg) and bacterial cell suspensions [Shewanella sp. (SS4), Pseudomonas sp. (EN4) and Thauera sp. (M9)] on cumulative larval mortality of S. litura.

Individual treatments for experiment 1 and 2

LC₅₀ Cg

50.0 ± 7.74^a

–

–

–

LC₅₀ SS4

46.0 ± 2.44^a

–

–

–

LC₅₀ EN4

48.0 ± 5.83^a

–

–

–

LC₅₀ M9

42.0 ± 7.34^a

–

–

–

Combination treatments for experiment 1

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ SS4

80.0 ± 3.16^b

73.0

0.67

Additive

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ EN4

88.0 ± 3.74^b

74.0

2.64

Additive

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ M9

78.0 ± 2.00^b

71.0

0.69

Additive

F_{(6, 28)} – value

14.43**

–

–

–

Combination treatments for experiment 2

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ SS4

90.0 ± 3.16^b

73.0

3.95

Synergistic

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ EN4

92.0 ± 3.74^b

74.0

4.37

Synergistic

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ M9

86.0 ± 5.09^b

71.0

3.16

Additive

F_{(6, 28)} – value

18.29**

–

–

–

Individual treatments for experiment 3

LC₂₀ Cg

24.0 ± 5.09^a

–

–

–

LC₅₀ Cg

50.0 ± 7.74^ab

–

–

–

LC₅₀ SS4

46.0 ± 2.44^ab

–

–

–

LC₅₀ EN4

48.0 ± 5.83^ab

–

–

–

LC₅₀ M9

42.0 ± 7.34^a

–

–

–

Combination treatments for experiment 3

LC₂₀ Cg + LC₅₀ SS4

80.0 ± 6.32^c

58.96

7.50

Synergistic

LC₂₀ Cg + LC₅₀ EN4

84.0 ± 6.78^c

60.48

9.14

Synergistic

LC₂₀ Cg + LC₅₀ M9

74.0 ± 10.29^bc

55.92

5.84

Synergistic

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ SS4

94.0 ± 4.0^c

73.0

6.04

Synergistic

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ EN4

98.0 ± 2.0^c

74.0

7.78

Synergistic

LC₅₀ Cg + LC₅₀ M9

92.0 ± 4.89^c

71.0

6.21

Synergistic

F_{(10, 44)} – value

16.88**

–

–

–