Table 2 Biochemical parameters and infusion rate of unfractionated heparin day 1, 4, 7 and 14 for 100 patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. All median (IQR).

From: Bleeding patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have reduced platelet aggregation and plasma fibrinogen: a longitudinal observational study

 

Day 1

n = 100

Day 4

n = 63

Day 7

n = 38

Day 14

n = 13

Organ markers (reference interval)

 Hemoglobin (7.3–10.5 mmol/L)

6.5 (5.9–7.1)

6.2 (5.9–6.6)

6.1 (5.9–6.3)

6.1 (6.0–6.5)

 Haptoglobin (0.35–2.05 g/L)

0.53 (0.15–1.6)

0.54 (0.06–1.19)

0.33 (0.06–1.19)

0.09 (0.06–0.87)

 LDH (105–255 U/L)

806 (413–1391)

531 (435–914)

461 (379–743)

475 (381–961)

 Leukocytes (3.5–10.0 × 109/L)

11.9 (7.9–17.6)

12.9 (8.7–18.5)

18.3 (13.3–22.4)

14.5 (8.3–21.5)

 CRP (< 8.0 mg/L)

88 (37–193)

186 (114–242)

151 (52–196)

83 (39–248)

 Creatinine (45–105 µmol/L)

150 (102–224)

121 (78–174)

133 (81–181)

115 (54–173)

 Carbamide (2.6–8.1 mmol/L)

10.4 (7.6–14.2)

11.7 (8.2–15.1)

15.2 (11.5–20.6)

12.4 (9.6–21.4)

 Albumin (36–45 g/L)

33 (29–38)

31 (26–38)

30 (24–36)

28 (25–35)

 Bilirubin (5–25 µmol/L)

23 (15–39)

35 (17–63)

35 (16–63)

25 (17–48)

 ALAT (10–70 U/L)

157 (47–390)

75 (45–156)

60 (40–103)

55 (28–86)

 Lactate (0.5–2.5 mmol/L)

2.9 (1.7–5.9)

1.7 (1.2–2.5)

1.6 (1.3–2)

1.4 (1.3–1.7)

 pH (7.37–7.45)

7.38 (7.33–7.42)

7.43 (7.39–7.46)

7.40 (7.37–7.47)

7.39 (7.37–7.44)

Coagulation parameters

 Platelet count (145–400 × 109/L)

141 (91–202)

73 (46–141)

110 (74–199)

168 (112–220)

 INR (< 1.2)

1.5 (1.3–1.8)

1.3 (1.1–1.4)

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

 Antithrombin (80–120%)

66 (54–82)

86 (71–100)

96 (82–118)

90 (85–101)

 Fibrinogen (187–408 mg/dL)

279 (190–415)

524 (412–663)

578 (401–728)

493 (306–762)

 D-dimer (< 0.80 mg/L FEU)

8.8 (3.4–18)

5.1 (2.2–10.9)

8.3 (3.9–19.1)

11.3 (1.9–20)

 APTT, all patients (20–29 s)

42 (33–60)

47 (42–51)

44 (39–53)

43 (34–51)

 

Day 1

Day 4

Day 7

Day 14

APTT, seconds, by ECMO type (target)

 VV, n = 33 (40–55 s)

37 (30–47)

n = 30

43 (39–49)

n = 27

42(38–46)

n = 24

42 (32–46)

n = 7

 VA (not ECPR), n = 30 (50–65 s)

47 (35–68)

n = 28

46 (44–55)

n = 18

45 (37–56)

n = 8

49 (45–56)

n = 4

 ECPR, n = 39 (50–65 s)

49 (37–65)

n = 39

50 (46–53)

n = 17

57 (53–64)

n = 6

38

n = 1

UFH, IE/h, all patients

500 (500–800)

875 (600–1200)

1100 (800–1500)

1350 (1000–1800)

 VV ECMO

700 (500–800)

1000 (650–1400)

1200 (800–1500)

1500 (1150–1850)

 VA ECMO (not ECPR)

500 (500–800)

800 (500–1000)

900 (738–1525)

1225 (1025–1688)

 ECPR

500 (500–800)

700 (563–1175)

950 (775–1275)

700

Coagulation parameters, day 1, by ECMO type

VV ECMO

VA ECMO (not ECPR)

ECPR

 

Platelet count (145–400 × 109/L)

119 (88–208)

119 (72–163)

153 (129–194)

 

INR (< 1.2)

1.4 (1.1–2.1)

1.6 (1.4–2.2)

1.4 (1.3–1.6)

 

Antithrombin (80–120%)

79 (65–90)

64 (50–80)

66 (56–75)

 

Fibrinogen (187–408 mg/dL)

422 (293–656)

247 (192–338)

231 (184–310)

 

D-dimer (< 0.80 mg/L FEU)

3.9 (3.2–13.6)

6.7 (2.2–10.8)

13.6 (6.3–20)

 
  1. Reference ranges for hemoglobin, creatinine, carbamide, ALAT and platelet count are combined for men and women, and for haptoglobin, LDH, carbamide, albumin and fibrin D-dimer across ages.
  2. IQR interquartile range, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, CRP C-reactive protein, ALAT alanine transaminase, INR international normalized ratio, APTT activate thromboplastin time, FEU fibrinogen equivalent unit, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, VV venous-venous, VA venous-arterial, ECPR extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, UFH unfractionated heparin.
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