Figure 4

Simultaneous LTEM and in-situ Hall measurements: Measured Hall voltage (\(U_{H}\)) as a function of the applied magnetic field (bottom). The insert shows an overview LTEM image of the nickel Hall bar (\(35 \times {3} \, \upmu {\text{m}^2}\)) with the gold contacts (dark contrast) for current supply and voltage measurements labeled \(\text{I}^{+/-}\) and \({\text{U}}^{+/-}\), respectively. The yellow rectangle indicates a \(7 \, {\upmu } \text{m} \times {2} \, \upmu \text{m}\) large area, for which sections of the LTEM images are displayed above. Below each of these images, further magnified areas of \({3.5} \, \upmu \text{m} \times {0.3} \, \upmu \text{m}\) (framed in red) are displayed for comparison with simulations. For each LTEM image, the corresponding field values are indicated by red arrows to the bottom plot.