Table 2 Outcomes of included studies.
No | Authors | Study location | Plasmodium spp. | Age range (years) | Qualitative synthesis of UA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aqeel et al., 2019 | India | P. falciparum/P. vivax | Not specified | 1. No difference in UA levels between malaria and uninfected controls. 2. No difference in UA levels between P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria |
2 | Aqeel et al., 2021 | India | P. vivax | > 15 years | 1. UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls. 2. UA levels were higher in severe than non-severe malaria |
3 | Ayede et al., 2017 | Nigeria | P. falciparum | 2–15 years | 1. No difference in UA levels between malaria and uninfected controls. 2. There was a positive relationship between malaria parasitemia and UA levels |
4 | Bertrand et al., 2008 | Cameroon | P. falciparum | 15–79 years | UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls |
5 | Bhardwaj et al., 2020 | India | P. falciparum | Not specified | 1. UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls. 2. UA levels were lower in severe than non-severe malaria |
6 | Chandrashekhar et al., 2022 | India | P. falciparum/P. vivax/mixed infections | 18–40 years | 1. UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls. 2. UA levels were higher in severe than non-severe malaria. 3. No difference in UA levels between P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria. 4. P. falciparum had higher UA levels than mixed infection but no difference in UA levels between P. falciparum and P. vivax |
7 | Das BS and Nanda NK, 1999 | India | P. falciparum | 2–12 years | UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls (slight difference but may not be significant) |
8 | Das et al., 2022 | India | P. falciparum/P. vivax | 18–65 years | UA levels were increased in 18.51% of patients with severe malaria compared to only 4.91% with non-severe malaria (P = 0.04) |
9 | Ebrahim et al., 2019 | Ethiopia | P. falciparum | Not specified | UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls |
10 | Erel et al., 1997 | Turkey | P. vivax | 15–35 years | UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls |
11 | Hatim et al., 2022 | India | P. falciparum/P. vivax/mixed infections | 20–45 years | UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls |
12 | Idonije et al., 2011 | Nigeria | Not specified | Not specified | No difference in UA levels between malaria and uninfected controls |
13 | Iwalokun et al., 2006 | Nigeria | P. falciparum | 3–12 years | 1. UA levels were higher in malaria (asymptomatic, uncomplicated, severe malaria) than uninfected controls. 2. UA levels were higher in severe than non-severe malaria |
14 | Karua PC and Kishan M, 2020 | India | P. falciparum/P. vivax | > 15 years | UA levels were higher in severe than non-severe malaria |
15 | Lopera-Mesa et al., 2012 | Mali | P. falciparum | 6 months–17 years | 1. UA levels were higher in severe than non-severe malaria. 2. There was a positive relationship between malaria parasitemia and UA levels |
16 | Okon et al., 2022 | Nigeria | P. falciparum | ≤ 15 years | 1. UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls. 2. UA levels were higher in severe than non-severe malaria. 3. There was a positive relationship between malaria parasitemia and UA levels |
17 | Olisekodiaka et al., 2017 | Nigeria | P. falciparum | 1–5 years | 1. UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls. 2. There was a positive relationship between malaria parasitemia and UA levels |
18 | Prabhu et al., 2021 | India | Not specified | Not specified | UA levels were higher in malaria than uninfected controls |
19 | Thurnham et al., 1990 | Thailand | P. falciparum | 6–38 years | Not specified |
