Table 4 Subgroup analyses of UA levels between severe and non-severe malaria.

Publication years

 2010–2023

0.01

3.87 (0.87–6.87)

98.95

5

 2000–2009

N/A

N/A

N/A

1

Study design

 Cross-sectional study

0.08

4.00 (− 0.44 to 8.44)

99.09

4

 Cohort study

0.05

2.49 (0.02–4.97)

98.11

2

Continent

 Africa

 < 0.01

2.68 (1.19–4.17)

94.68

3

 Asia

0.18

4.34 (− 1.98 to 10.67)

99.38

3

Age group

 Children

 < 0.01

2.68 (1.19–4.17)

94.68

3

 Adults

0.18

4.34 (− 1.98 to 10.67)

99.38

3

Plasmodium species

P. falciparum

0.18

1.55 (− 0.71 to 3.80)

98.02

4

 P. vivax

N/A

N/A

N/A

1

 P. falciparum, P. vivax, mixed infections

N/A

N/A

N/A

1

Diagnostic method for malaria

 Microscopy

0.18

1.55 (− 0.71 to 3.80)

98.02

4

 Microscopy/RDT

0.23

7.51 (− 4.85 to 19.86)

99.58

2

Types of blood samples

 Serum

0.03

4.23 (0.40–8.05)

99.19

4

 Plasma

0.01

1.97 (0.44–3.49)

89.35

2