Table 1 Effects of the extraction temperature and time of SWE on DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP in propolis.

From: Enhanced extraction of bioactive compounds from propolis (Apis mellifera L.) using subcritical water

Extraction conditions

Antioxidant activity

Temperature (°C)

Time (min)

DPPH (%)

ABTS (%)

FRAP (mg TE/g)

110

10

62.07 ± 1.37a

94.14 ± 0.79a

127.19 ± 8.04ab

20

68.10 ± 1.21c

96.02 ± 0.43bcd

148.96 ± 13.24bc

30

65.15 ± 1.56b

94.31 ± 0.55ab

122.29 ± 12.48a

130

10

68.99 ± 1.28cd

94.37 ± 0.95a

170.04 ± 1.64c

20

75.06 ± 0.91f

96.64 ± 0.79cde

244.05 ± 16.35de

30

74.09 ± 1.65f

94.82 ± 0.79a

229.05 ± 5.63d

150

10

71.56 ± 0.84e

95.90 ± 0.85bcd

255.41 ± 1.63e

20

74.77 ± 0.48f

97.04 ± 1.00de

395.78 ± 6.15h

30

74.60 ± 0.48f

95.51 ± 1.55abc

311.84 ± 16.18f

170

10

71.22 ± 1.90de

96.53 ± 0.77cde

357.93 ± 6.02g

20

81.56 ± 1.44h

97.90 ± 0.65ef

564.65 ± 28.92k

30

77.59 ± 0.44g

96.59 ± 0.74cde

508.24 ± 23.63j

190

10

74.22 ± 1.24f

97.33 ± 0.77de

457.55 ± 6.64i

20

86.24 ± 0.32i

98.86 ± 0.36f

715.80 ± 22.39n

30

78.48 ± 0.55g

97.67 ± 0.71ef

689.69 ± 8.85m

200

10

82.28 ± 1.32h

97.90 ± 1.03ef

582.17 ± 8.39k

20

88.73 ± 0.58j

98.86 ± 0.69f

858.89 ± 11.48o

30

85.02 ± 1.53i

97.61 ± 0.17ef

662.81 ± 16.39l

  1. Means in a row followed by same superscript letters are not significantly different according to Duncan's test at p < 0.05. The data represent the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).