Table 2 Benchmark regression estimation results.

From: The impact of China’s energy saving and emission reduction demonstration city policy on urban green technology innovation

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

GIP

GIP

GUP

GUP

ESER

0.1309***

0.0650***

0.1560***

0.1007***

(0.0209)

(0.0187)

(0.0190)

(0.0168)

GROWTH

 

0.0038***

 

0.0030***

 

(0.0011)

 

(0.0010)

GOV

 

− 0.7328***

 

− 0.7224***

 

(0.0790)

 

(0.0707)

POP

 

1.1782***

 

0.9053***

 

(0.0567)

 

(0.0508)

HC

 

0.0007***

 

0.0006***

 

(0.0001)

 

(0.0001)

FIN

 

0.0054

 

0.0098*

 

(0.0062)

 

(0.0055)

FDI

 

− 2.2885***

 

− 2.5722***

 

(0.2518)

 

(0.2254)

ROAD

 

0.0221***

 

0.0246***

 

(0.0017)

 

(0.0015)

Constant

0.0549***

− 6.9000***

0.0677***

− 5.2883***

(0.0119)

(0.3340)

(0.0107)

(0.2990)

City fixed effects

√

√

√

√

Year fixed effects

√

√

√

√

N

3920

3920

3920

3920

R2

0.4561

0.5785

0.5732

0.6765

  1. Note Standard errors are in parentheses, ***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively.
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