Table 9 Heterogeneity of urban geographical location.
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Southern | Northern | Southern | Northern | |
GIP | GIP | GUP | GUP | |
ESER | 0.0368 | 0.1116*** | 0.0799*** | 0.1368*** |
(0.0303) | (0.0191) | (0.0271) | (0.0174) | |
Control variables | √ | √ | √ | √ |
City fixed effects | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Year fixed effects | √ | √ | √ | √ |
N | 2142 | 1778 | 2142 | 1778 |
R2 | 0.6108 | 0.5691 | 0.6692 | 0.7422 |