Figure 2

An outline of the ECOD process. (The ECOD process of real and model gas oil was carried out using the ((n-C4H9)4N)4H[PW11FeO39]@NiO nanocatalyst by acetic acid/H2O2 oxidizing system. After the ECOD procedure, the treated thiophenic model fuels and real gas oil were cooled to room temperature, and 10 mL of MeCN was added to extract the RSO (sulfoxide) and RSO2 (sulfones) from the gas oil phase to the water phase).