Table 1 Description of the four experimental conditions.

From: The influence of voice familiarity and linguistic content on dogs’ ability to follow human voice direction

Condition

Demonstrator

Visibility of cuing

Attention getter

Visual referential cue

Signaling content

Auditory tone

Frequency of 1st/2nd/3rd/4th

Potentially Relevant Auditory Info./Experimenter (1st)

Experimenter (with foreign accent)

Behind folding screen (not fully visible)

[dog's name] + Look!

NA

It’s there! It’s yours! Look! It’s great!

High-pitched

12/9/4/12

Potentially Irrelevant Auditory Info./Experimenter (2nd)

Experimenter (with foreign accent)

Behind folding screen (not fully visible)

Knocking the two bowls together

NA

The weather is really warm today

Neutral

6/8/14/8

Potentially Relevant Auditory Info./Owner (3rd)

Owner

Behind folding screen (not fully visible)

[dog's name] + Look!

NA

It’s there! It’s yours! Look! It’s great!

High-pitched

9/7/9/12

Pointing/Experimenter (4th)

Experimenter (with foreign accent)

In front of folding screen (visible)

[dog's name] + Look!

Pointing

NA

NA

10/13/9/4