Table 2 Association between facing CHEs and household characteristics from logistic regression.

From: Household catastrophic health expenditures for rheumatoid arthritis: a single centre study from South India

Variables

Categories

Crude odds ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

Place of residence

Rural

Referent

 

Urban

0.33 (0.12,0.93)*

0.14 (0.01, 1.12)

Household size

1–2

Referent

 

3–5

0.43 (0.26,0.71)*

0.49 (0.22, 1.11)

More than 5

0.40 (0.18, 0.87)

0.48 (0.14, 1.63)

Not reported

5.04 (0.61, 41.40)

1.84 (0.02, 169.10)

Education status

Literate

Referent

 

Illiterate

4.47 (1.78,11.24)*

1.47 (0.36, 5.95)

Not reported

1.07 (0.66,17.33)

0.17 (0.00, 7.14)

Employment status

Working

Referent

 

Not working

2.25 (1.28, 3.95)*

1.25 (0.48, 3.28)

Not reported

0.88 (0.20, 3.82)

0.01 (0.00, 0.24)

Household earning members

4 and above

Referent

 

None

68.0 (6.29, 735.3)*

37.24 (1.09, 1277.26)

1 to 3

5.79 (1.66, 20.23)*

4.65 (0.59, 36.34)

Not Reported

31.17 (4.46, 217.60)*

5.80 (0.17, 194.30)

Household income quintile

Fourth

Referent

 

First

174 (53.48, 570.18)*

218.74 (55.29, 865.45)

Second

20.69 (6.55, 65.32)*

21.49 (5.95, 77.58)

Third

5.67 (1.79, 17.86)*

5.20 (1.47, 18.35)

BMI

Healthy weight (18.5 to < 25)

Referent

 

Underweight (< 18.5)

0.93 (0.27, 3.29)

2.98 (0.42, 20.99)

Overweight (< 25 to 30)

0.93 (0.53, 1.65)

1.22 (0.49, 3.08)

Obesity (> 30)

2.03 (1.10, 3.72)*

3.15 (1.13, 8.78)

Not reported

1.12 (0.42, 2.97)

2.44 (0.43, 13.80)

Disease activity

Remission (DAS < 2.6)

Referent

 

Low (DAS 2.6 to < 3.2)

0.86 (0.26,2.84)

1.09 (0.12, 9.83)

Moderate (DAS 3.2 to < 5.1)

1.49 (0.58, 3.82)

0.76 (0.13, 4.42)

Severe (DAS > 5.1)

2.54 (0.98, 6.55)

1.97 (0.34, 11.43)

  1. *p < 0.05, Bold in adjusted are significant at p < 0.05.