Table 1 The 37 European countries included in this study, number of detections in wild and domestic birds, highly pathogenic avian influenza subtypes, and number of weeks with and without reported outbreaks for each country between 2016 and 2022 (1 January 2016, to 5 December 2022).

From: Using surveillance data for early warning modelling of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Europe reveals a seasonal shift in transmission, 2016–2022

Country*,‡

Wild/domestic bird detections

Subtypes reported

Weeks with detections/ weeks with no or missing detections

Albania

2/17

H5N1, H5N8

5/356

Austria

109/10

H5, H5N1, H5N5, H5N8

36/325

Belgium

240/60

H5, H5N1, H5N5, H5N8

73/288

Bosnia & Herzegovina

3/1

H5, H5N1, H5N8

44/317

Bulgaria

16/162

H5, H5N8, “Not specified”

4/357

Croatia

29/19

H5N1, H5N5, H5N8

20/341

Czechia

84/163

H5N1, H5N5, H5N8

47/314

Denmark

569/43

H5, H5N1, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8

128/233

Estonia

50/6

H5N1, H5N8

102/259

Faroe Islands†

24/3

H5N1

44/317

Finland

122/2

H5, H5N1, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8

24/337

France

436/2679

H5, H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N8, H5N9

66/295

Germany

2066/565

H5, H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N4, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8

114/247

Greece

30/6

H5N1, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8

11/350

Hungary

106/993

H5N1, H5N5, H5N8

100/261

Iceland

27/1

H5N1

17/344

Ireland

182/28

H5N1, H5N3, H5N6, H5N8

24/337

Italy

131/458

H5N1, H5N5, H5N8, H7N7

77/284

Latvia

24/0

H5N1, H5N8

50/311

Lithuania

20/55

H5N1, H5N8, H7N7

13/348

Luxembourg

7/5

H5N1, H5N8

79/282

Moldova

0/11

H5N1

21/340

Montenegro

2/0

H5N1, H5N5

6/355

Netherlands

742/117

H5, H5N1, H5N3, H5N4, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8

8/353

North Macedonia

10/2

H5, H5N1, H5N8

5/356

Norway

97/8

H5N1, H5N5, H5N8

5/356

Poland

220/491

H5N1, H5N2, H5N5, H5N8

2/359

Portugal

14/34

H5N1, H5N8

108/253

Romania

123/62

H5, H5N1, H5N5, H5N8

51/310

Serbia

50/10

H5N1, H5N2, H5N5, H5N8

84/277

Slovakia

82/19

H5, H5N1, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8

20/341

Slovenia

70/1

H5N1, H5N5, H5N8

39/322

Spain

196/137

H5N1, H5N8

33/328

Sweden

234/51

H5, H5N1, H5N4, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8

27/334

Switzerland

124/4

H5N1, H5N4, H5N6, H5N8

22/339

Ukraine

8/26

H5, H5N8

93/268

United Kingdom

2624/473

H5N1, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8

20/341

Total: 37 countries

15,595

  
  1. *European countries omitted due to no reported HPAI detections during the study period: Andorra, Belarus, Kosovo, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City.
  2. ‡European countries omitted due to either size and/or being transcontinental: Russia, Turkey.
  3. †Although the Faroe Islands belong to Denmark, they have here been treated separately due to the large distance to Denmark.
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