Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics for entire cohort and subgroups according to AST/ALT ratio.

From: Longitudinal change in castration-resistant prostate cancer biomarker AST/ALT ratio reflects tumor progression

Characteristics

Total cohort

Low AST/ALT ratio

High AST/ALT ratio

p value

n = 130

n = 55

n = 75

Age at PC diagnosis, years

73.4 ± 8.6

71.6 ± 8.6

74.8 ± 8.3

0.037

Body mass index, kg/m2

23.0 ± 3.8

23.1 ± 3.1

22.9 ± 4.3

0.773

ECOG PS at PC diagnosis

0.333

 0, 1

101 (77.7)

45 (81.8)

56 (74.7)

 

 ≥ 2

29 (22.3)

10 (19.2)

19 (25.3)

 

Serum markers at PC diagnosis

 PSA level, ng/mL

99.1 (25.4–489.7)

82.2 (24.5–307.0)

106.5 (25.6–520.6)

0.371

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.2 ± 1.9

13.8 ± 1.7

12.2 ± 1.7

0.005

 White blood cells, × 109/L

6.0 ± 1.8

5.9 ± 1.6

6.0 ± 1.9

0.644

 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

215 (184–256)

214 (185–256)

217 (181–257)

0.976

 Alkaline phosphatase, U/L

242 (184–381)

231 (184–310)

276 (182–475)

0.030

 AST, U/L

21 (18–24)

22 (18–26)

20 (17–24)

0.112

 ALT, U/L

15 (10–19)

19 (16–27)

11 (9–15)

 < 0.001

 Total protein, g/dL

7.4 ± 0.5

7.5 ± 0.5

7.4 ± 0.5

0.133

 Albumin, g/dL

4.1 ± 0.6

4.2 ± 0.6

3.9 ± 0.5

0.001

 CRP, mg/L

0.1 (0–0.4)

0.1 (0–0.3)

0.1 (0.1–0.6)

0.073

AST/ALT ratio

 PC diagnosis

1.52 (1.26–1.79)

1.19 (0.96–1.32)

1.75 (1.60–2.10)

 < 0.001

 PSA nadir during ADT

1.42 (1.15–1.74)

1.22 (1.05–1.42)

1.60 (1.38–1.89)

 < 0.001

 CRPC diagnosis

1.58 (1.25–1.84)

1.41 (1.06–1.71)

1.70 (1.42–1.91)

0.001

 After CRPC treatment

1.91 (1.36–2.50)

1.63 (1.23–2.17)

2.11 (1.61–2.71)

0.001

Clinical T stage

0.127

 ≤ T3

111 (85.4)

50 (90.9)

61 (71.8)

 

 T4

19 (14.6)

5 (10.1)

14 (28.2)

 

Gleason score

0.265

 ≥ 9

57 (43.8)

21 (38.2)

36 (48.0)

 

Regional lymph node metastasis

48 (36.9)

14 (25.5)

34 (45.3)

0.020

Distant metastasis at PC/CRPC diagnosis

81 (62.3)

26 (47.3)

55 (73.3)

0.003

Distant metastatic site at PC diagnosis

 

 Bone (total)

78 (60.0)

25 (45.5)

53 (70.7)

0.004

 Any viscera (lung, liver, lymph node)

20 (15.4)

4 (7.3)

16 (21.3)

0.028

Tumor burden according to CHAARTED

0.001

 High

59 (45.4)

15 (27.3)

44 (58.7)

 

 Low

22 (16.9)

11 (20.0)

11 (14.7)

 

 Non-metastasis

49 (37.7)

29 (52.7)

20 (14.6)

 

Local therapy

0.375

 None

117 (90.0)

48 (87.3)

69 (92.0)

 

 Yes

13 (10.0)

7 (12.7)

6 (8.0)

 

Time to castration resistance, months

19.7 (9.9–46.9)

33.1 (17.7–64.1)

14.2 (9.0–34.1)

 < 0.001

First-line treatment for CRPC

0.013

 ARAT

73 (56.2)

38 (69.1)

35 (46.7)

 

 First-generation antiandrogen

46 (35.3)

11 (20.0)

35 (46.7)

 

 Docetaxel

10 (7.7)

5 (10.1)

5 (6.6)

 

 Radium-223

1 (0.8)

1 (1.8)

0 (0)

 

Died during observation period

60 (46.2)

14 (25.5)

46 (61.3)

 < 0.001

  1. Data are presented as median (interquartile range), mean ± standard deviation, or number (percentage).
  2. PC prostate cancer, ECOG PS Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status scale, PSA prostate-specific antigen, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, CRP c-reacted protein, ADT androgen deprivation therapy, CRPC castration-resistant prostate cancer, nmCRPC non-metastatic CRPC, mCRPC metastatic CRPC, ARAT androgen receptor axis-targeted treatment.
Back to article page