Table 3 Uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis findings for overall survival rate and time to castration resistance in metastatic and non-metastatic CRPC cases.
Characteristics | Overall survival | Time to castration resistance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
Non-metastatic CRPC | ||||||||
Age (≥ 73.5 years) | 4.072 (1.35–12.3) | 0.013 | 3.892 (1.16–13.1) | 0.028 | 2.032 (1.01–3.84) | 0.029 | 1.938 (0.99–3.81) | 0.055 |
Body mass index (≥ 23.0 kg/m2) | 0.476 (0.17–1.30) | 0.148 | – | – | 1.646 (0.90–3.02) | 0.108 | – | – |
ECOG PS (≥ 1) | 3.037 (1.10–8.42) | 0.033 | 3.398 (1.12–10.3) | 0.031 | 0.646 (0.30–1.40) | 0.267 | – | – |
Hemoglobin (≥ 13.2 g/dL) | 0.837 (0.27–2.60) | 0.758 | – | – | 0.353 (0.18–0.71) | 0.004 | 0.249 (0.11–0.56) | < 0.001 |
White blood cells (≥ 6000 × 109/L) | 1.478 (0.55–3.95) | 0.436 | – | – | 1.983 (1.01–3.66) | 0.028 | 2.925 (1.49–5.76) | 0.002 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (≥ 215 U/L) | 1.149 (0.42–3.18) | 0.789 | – | – | 0.558 (0.31–1.01) | 0.055 | – | – |
Alkaline phosphatase (≥ 242 U/L) | 0.481 (0.14–1.69) | 0.253 | – | – | 0.975 (0.52–1.81) | 0.937 | – | – |
Total protein (≥ 7.4 g/dL) | 1.157 (0.42–3.20) | 0.779 | – | – | 1.061 (0.60–1.88) | 0.840 | – | – |
Albumin (≥ 4.1 g/dL) | 0.818 (0.30–2.23) | 0.695 | – | – | 0.672 (0.37–1.21) | 0.187 | – | – |
AST (≥ 21 IU) | 2.378 (0.80–7.06) | 0.119 | – | – | 1.092 (0.61–1.97) | 0.771 | – | – |
ALT (≥ 15 IU) | 0.433 (0.17–1.13) | 0.088 | – | – | 0.831 (0.46–1.52) | 0.546 | – | – |
CRP (≥ 0.2 mg/dL) | 0.966 (0.37–2.55) | 0.945 | – | – | 1.534 (0.85–2.77) | 0.156 | – | – |
PSA levels (≥ 99.1 ng/mL) | 0.847 (0.23–3.07) | 0.800 | – | – | 1.586 (0.85–2.95) | 0.145 | – | – |
AST/ALT ratio (≥ 1.467) | 4.738 (1.65–13.6) | 0.004 | 3.461 (1.16–10.3) | 0.026 | 1.201 (0.67–2.17) | 0.546 | – | – |
Clinical T stage (T4) | 1.028 (0.13–7.96) | 0.979 | – | – | 1.961 (0.77–5.03) | 0.161 | – | – |
Gleason score (≥ 9) | 1.040 (0.38–2.85) | 0.939 | – | – | 1.847 (1.01–3.39) | 0.047 | 1.600 (0.86–2.99) | 0.141 |
Regional lymph node metastasis | 2.441 (0.65–9.16) | 0.186 | – | – | 2.894 (1.31–6.40) | 0.009 | 4.915 (2.03–11.9) | < 0.001 |
Local therapy | 3.039 (0.84–11.0) | 0.091 | – | – | 0.868 (0.45–1.66) | 0.669 | – | – |
Metastatic CRPC | ||||||||
Age (≥ 73.5 years) | 1.465 (0.80–2.70) | 0.219 | – | – | 1.465 (0.80–2.70) | 0.219 | – | – |
Body mass index (≥ 23.0 kg/m2) | 0.524 (0.26–1.04) | 0.066 | – | – | 0.997 (0.63–1.57) | 0.990 | – | – |
ECOG PS (≥ 1) | 1.695 (0.89–3.22) | 0.107 | – | – | 0.831 (0.50–1.38) | 0.477 | – | – |
Hemoglobin (≥ 13.2 g/dL) | 0.592 (0.32–1.08) | 0.089 | – | – | 0.772 (0.50–1.20) | 0.249 | – | – |
White blood cells (≥ 6000 × 109/L) | 1.489 (0.81–2.74) | 0.202 | – | – | 0.946 (0.61–1.48) | 0.808 | – | – |
Lactate dehydrogenase (≥ 215 U/L) | 1.141 (0.62–2.10) | 0.673 | – | – | 1.077 (069–1.69) | 0.747 | – | – |
Alkaline phosphatase (≥ 242 U/L) | 1.628 (0.85–3.13) | 0.144 | – | – | 1.083 (0.69–1.70) | 0.728 | – | – |
Total protein (≥ 7.4 g/dL) | 1.059 (0.58–1.94 | 0.852 | – | – | 0.854 (0.54–1.35) | 0.496 | – | – |
Albumin (≥ 4.1 g/dL) | 0.621 (0.34–1.15) | 0.128 | – | – | 0.662 (0.93–2.26) | 0.104 | – | – |
AST (≥ 21 IU) | 1.143 (0.62–2.12) | 0.672 | – | – | 1.446 (0.80–2.73) | 0.219 | – | – |
ALT (≥ 15 IU) | 0.779 (0.41–1.47) | 0.441 | – | – | 1.054 (0.67–1.66) | 0.819 | – | – |
CRP (≥ 0.2 mg/dL) | 1.240 (0.67–2.28) | 0.491 | – | – | 1.190 (0.76–1.86) | 0.445 | – | – |
PSA level (≥ 99.1 ng/mL) | 0.935 (0.50–1.75) | 0.800 | – | – | 0.959 (0.61–1.50) | 0.586 | – | – |
AST/ALT ratio (≥ 1.467) | 3.043 (1.43–6.47) | 0.004 | 2.446 (1.10–5.43) | 0.028 | 1.968 (1.21–3.20) | 0.006 | 1.491 (0.88–2.54) | 0.140 |
Clinical T stage (T4) | 1.864 (0.90–3.86) | 0.094 | – | – | 2.001 (1.11–3.62) | 0.022 | 1.073 (0.56–2.08) | 0.833 |
Gleason score (≥ 9) | 2.349 (1.24–4.44) | 0.009 | 2.053 (1.08–3.92) | 0.029 | 1.789 (1.13–2.84) | 0.014 | 1.406 (0.87–2.28) | 0.169 |
Regional lymph node metastasis | 2.688 (1.39–5.19) | 0.003 | 1.841 (0.93–3.66) | 0.082 | 2.489 (1.55–3.99) | < 0.001 | 2.048 (1.21–3.47) | 0.008 |
Bone metastasis | 4.442 (0.60–32.7) | 0.143 | – | – | 2.000 (0.72–5.56) | 0.184 | – | – |
Any viscera metastasis | 0.611 (0.31–1.20) | 0.151 | – | – | 0.656 (0.39–1.10) | 0.107 | – | – |
Tumor burden (high) | 1.841 (0.88–3.87) | 0.107 | – | – | 1.547 (0.94–2.55) | 0.088 | – | – |
