Table 4 Landmarks used in this study to extract configurations of 3D coordinates.
From: Mandibular morphology and the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Westernmost Iberia
# LM | LM name | Landmark definition |
|---|---|---|
1 | Gnathion | Midline of the inferior border of the mandible |
2 | Infradentale | On the anterior alveolar ridge, between anterior incisors |
3 | Linguale | Genial tubercle: in case of a single tubercle, on its tip; in case of two, midpoint between them |
4 | Orale, mandible | On the posterior alveolar ridge between the anterior incisors |
5 | Pogonion | Most anterior point of mandibular symphysis |
6 | C-P3 | On the anterior alveolar ridge between canine and first premolar |
7 | P4-M1 | On the anterior alveolar ridge between second premolar and first molar |
8 | M1-M2 | On the anterior alveolar ridge between first and second molar teeth |
9 | Mental Foramen Anterior | Anterior point of mental foramen |
10 | Ramus Root | On the anterior rim of the ramus (placed on the level of the alveolar ridge) |
11 | Gonion | A point on the projection of the bisection of the mandibular angle |
12 | Condyle, lateral | From a superior view, the lateral point on the condyle |
13 | Condyle, midpoint | From a superior view, a point in the center of the condyle |
14 | Condyle, medial | From a superior view, the medial point on the condyle |
15 | Sigmoid Notch | Mandible is positioned in the mandibular plane in a lateral view, then the lowest point of the mandibular notch is marked |
16 | Coronoid process | Tip of the coronoid process |
17 | Mandibular Foramen, inferior | Most inferior point of the mandibular foramen |
18 | Alveolous, lingual posterior | From a superior view, the most posterior point on the lingual alveolar process |
19 | Condyle, anterior | A point on the antero-superior aspect of the mandibular notch (on the condyle) |
20 | Condyle, posterior | The center of the condyle from a posterior view |
21 | Ramus, posterior | Posteriormost point of the ramus that is in line with the ramus root |
