Table 9 Decision parameters obtained by all selected algorithms for the PVDO problem.

From: Resistance–capacitance optimizer: a physics-inspired population-based algorithm for numerical and industrial engineering computation problems

Algorithm

\({x}_{1}\)

\({x}_{2}\)

\({x}_{3}\)

\({x}_{4}\)

RCOA

1.0936

0.0000

65.2252

10.0000

GWO

1.0893

0.0000

65.2246

10.0036

SCA

1.0991

0.0000

65.3729

10.0000

JAYA

1.1016

0.4501

61.2252

29.2677

AOA

1.0936

0.0000

65.2252

10.0000

CrSA

1.0850

0.0000

65.2273

10.0000

MRFO

1.0771

0.0000

65.2252

10.0001

MPA

1.0906

0.0000

65.2252

10.0000