Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: The Warburg effect alters amino acid homeostasis in human retinal endothelial cells: implication for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Figure 4

Levels of (A) Total essential amino acids (AAs) with aromatic/heterocycle non-polar side chains; (B) Tryptophan; (C) Phenylalanine; and (D) Non-essential AA with a heterocycle non-polar side chain (Proline) in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) treated with osmotic control (Mannitol; 25 mM) or high glucose (HG; 25 mM) for 5 days; followed by normoxia or hypoxia (Hyp; 2% O2 and 5% CO2) for 24 h. Data are mean ± SD; n = 3–4/group; and ns: no significance. Comparisons between groups were made by ANOVA followed by Sidak's post-test.

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