Table 4 Repeated measures MANOVAs, means (SDs), and effect sizes (Cohen’s d).

From: The effect of mobile-based logotherapy on depression, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness in patients with major depressive disorder: a mixed-methods study

Measure

Pretreatment

M (SD)

Posttreatment

M (SD)

Follow-up

M (SD)

Pre–post effect size, d

Pre-Follow up effect size, d

Bonferroni tests

Mean difference

Pre–post

Pre-follow up

Depression

Control

34.98 (1.92)

22.14 (2.59)

11.54 (3.21)

5.63

8.86

12.84***

23.44***

Experimental

35.26 (2.03)

20.32 (2.47)

8.37 (3.74)

6.61

8.94

14.94***

26.89***

Hopelessness

Control

19.77 (1.86)

8.31 (1.18)

5.00 (1.28)

7.36

9.25

11.46***

14.77***

Experimental

22.00 (2.18)

6.20 (2.04)

1.60 (1.56)

7.48

10.76

15.80***

20.40***

Suicidal ideation

Control

16.97 (6.81)

9.31 (5.19)

4.80 (1.28)

1.26

2.48

7.66***

12.17***

Experimental

18.34 (8.55)

5.77 (2.07)

0.60 (0.65)

2.02

2.92

12.57***

17.74***

  1. M (SD) mean (standard deviation).
  2. ***P < 0.001.
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