Figure 8

Map showing worldwide countries’ economic value ($ US) by sand export and perception of sand mining from articles. The United State and Australia are the two top sand export countries while Vietnam’s sand export is moderate. In boxes, perception of worldwide communities on sand mining by literature reviews was summarised based on publications including (a)34, (b)35, (c)2, (d)30, (e)31, (f)15, (g)36, (h)37, (i)38, (j)39, (k)29, (l)40, (m)41, (n)16. Map made by the authors using ArcGIS version 10.8. The amount of sand exported by each country was retrieved from https://oec.world/en/.