Table 4 Total expense, gross income, net profit, and the benefit-to-cost ratio of wheat and soybean under strip intercropping and sole cropping systems.

From: Spatial differences influence nitrogen uptake, grain yield, and land-use advantage of wheat/soybean relay intercropping systems

Planting systems

Total expense (US$ ha-1)

Gross income (US$ ha-1)

Net profit (US$ ha-1)

Benefit-to-cost ratio

2018–19

2019–20

2020–21

2018–19

2019–20

2020–21

2018–19

2019–20

2020–21

2018–19

2019–20

2020–21

Sole wheat

613

789

1026

1307

1418

1839

694

628

813

2.1

1.8

1.8

Sole soybean

555

712

927

1299

1038

991

744

325

64

2.3

1.5

1.1

Narrow strips

579

743

965

1548

1447

1655

969

704

690

2.7

1.9

1.7

Medium strips

588

743

935

1630

1533

1744

1042

790

809

2.8

2.1

1.9

Wide strips

613

789

1026

1849

1723

1942

1235

933

916

3.0

2.2

1.9

  1. The local market price for wheat was US$ 233 t-1 in 2019, 258 t-1 in 2020, and 345 t-1 in 2021, and for soybean was US$ 697 t-1 in 2019, 650 t-1 in 2020, and 615 t-1 in 2021.
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