Table 1 Characteristics of patients with traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

From: Potential harms of emergency department thoracotomy in patients with persistent cardiac arrest following trauma: a nationwide observational study

 

Before IPW

After IPW

EDT

No EDT

Standardized difference

EDT

No EDT

Standardized difference

Case

374

915

    

Age, years, median (IQR)

52 (35–69)

61 (42–77)

0.345

59 (41–74)

58 (40–76)

0.005

Sex, male, n (%)

268 (71.7%)

554 (60.9%)

0.228

790 (63.8%)

822 (64.1%)

0.001

Mechanism of injury, blunt, n (%)

341 (91.2%)

716 (78.3%)

0.365

1029 (83.0%)

1059 (82.0%)

0.025

Comorbidity, Charlson index, median (IQR)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.275

0 (0–0)

0 (0–1)

0.000

Activity of daily living, independent, n (%)

207 (59.1%)

497 (59.3%)

0.003

665 (57.3%)

715 (60.3%)

0.035

Prehospital procedure, n (%)

 Intubation

45 (12.0%)

126 (13.8%)

0.052

148 (11.9%)

171 (13.2%)

0.055

 Fluid administration

94 (25.1%)

265 (29.0%)

0.085

308 (24.8%)

357 (27.7%)

0.064

 Transfusion

1 (0.3%)

2 (0.2%)

0.010

2 (0.2%)

2 (0.2%)

0.002

Physician presence at prehospital, n (%)

63 (16.8%)

116 (12.7%)

0.118

186 (15.0%)

179 (13.9%)

0.032

Signs of life, n (%)

 At the scene

13 (3.5%)

25 (2.7%)

0.043

31 (2.5%)

38 (2.9%)

0.027

 On hospital arrival

25 (7.2%)

40 (4.8%)

0.101

62 (5.4%)

65 (5.6%)

0.002

Transportation time*, min, median (IQR)

10 (7–15)

10 (7–16)

0.066

10 (7–14)

10 (6–15)

0.007

ISS, median (IQR)

29 (18–45)

25 (18–36)

0.261

27 (17–41)

25 (20–41)

0.035

AIS, median (IQR)

 Head/neck

0 (0–3)

3 (0–5)

0.438

2 (2–4)

2 (2–4)

0.046

 Face

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.000

0 (0–1)

0 (0–0)

0.046

 Chest

4 (3–5)

3 (0–4)

0.649

3 (0–4)

3 (0–5)

0.098

 Abdomen

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.283

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.029

 Extremity/pelvis

2 (0–3)

0 (0–3)

0.228

2 (0–3)

0 (0–3)

0.099

 Body surface

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.116

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.062

Revised Trauma Score, median (IQR)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

0.018

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

0.065

TRISS Probability of survival, median (IQR)

0.02 (0.00–0.05)

0.02 (0.01–0.07)

0.029

0.01 (0.01–0.04)

0.02 (0.01–0.07)

0.074

  1. EDT, Emergency department thoracotomy; IPW, Inverse probability weighting; IQR, Interquartile range; ISS, Injury severity score; AIS, Abbreviated injury scale; RTS, Revised trauma score; and TRISS, trauma and injury severity score. *Transportation time is equal to cardiopulmonary resuscitation time in this study.
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