Table 2 Emergency department thoracotomy and clinical outcomes.

From: Potential harms of emergency department thoracotomy in patients with persistent cardiac arrest following trauma: a nationwide observational study

 

EDT

No EDT

p value

OR (95% CI)

Survival to discharge

 Unadjusted, n/total (%)

4/374 (1.1%)

22/915 (2.4%)

  

 IPW, %

1.0%

2.2%

0.011

0.43* (0.22–0.84)

 Survival without impaired neurological function, unadjusted, n/total (%)

4/374 (1.1%)

18/915 (2.0%)

  

Emergency hemostatic procedures, % (95% CI)

 Surgery

46.0% (43.3–48.8%)

5.0% (3.8–6.1%)

 < 0.001

16.39 (12.50–21.74)

 Angiography

1.7% (1.0–2.4%)

1.1% (0.5–1.7%)

0.204

1.57 (0.78–3.17)

 REBOA

5.7% (4.4–7.0%)

1.2% (0.6–1.7%)

 < 0.001

5.17 (2.94–9.07)

Transfusion within 24 h after hospital arrival, U, mean, median (IQR)

 Red blood cell

3, 0 (0–4)

1, 0 (0–0)

 < 0.001

 

 Fresh frozen plasma

2, 0 (0–2)

1, 0 (0–0)

 < 0.001

 

 Platelets

1, 0 (0–0)

0, 0 (0–0)

0.002

 

 Days of ventilator use, mean, median (IQR)

1, 1 (0–1)

2, 1 (0–1)

 < 0.001

 

 Length of ICU stay, days, mean, median (IQR)

0, 0 (0–1)

1, 0 (0–1)

0.154

 

 Length of hospital stay, days, mean, median (IQR)

1, 0 (0–1)

2, 0 (0–1)

 < 0.001

 
  1. EDT, emergency department thoracotomy; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; and REBOA, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. *Survival to discharge was compared between the two groups, in which no EDT was a referenced group.
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