Table 2 Mean residual errors of neutron and precursors density for PINN and TL-PINN predictions of RT-1, RT-2, RT-3, RT-4, and RT-5.

From: Physics-informed neural network with transfer learning (TL-PINN) based on domain similarity measure for prediction of nuclear reactor transients

Experiment	Model	Pre-train	Predicted transient	Mean residual error [%]
Experiment	Model	Pre-train	Predicted transient	n	c₁	c₂	c₃	c₄	c₅	c₆
1	PINN	–	RT-1	0.3303	0.0029	0.0054	0.0166	0.0418	0.0887	0.5519
2	TL-PINN	RT-2	RT-1	0.4908	0.0049	0.0066	0.0270	0.0512	0.2166	0.3638
3	TL-PINN	RT-3	RT-1	0.4097	0.0035	0.0077	0.0210	0.0443	0.3189	0.5575
4	TL-PINN	RT-4	RT-1	0.8729	0.0051	0.0082	0.0336	0.6106	0.1432	2.0064
5	TL-PINN	RT-5	RT-1	0.7955	0.0072	0.0098	0.0272	0.0826	0.3615	2.1812
6	PINN	–	RT-2	0.4371	0.0045	0.0113	0.0360	0.0778	0.1577	0.3585
7	TL-PINN	RT-1	RT-2	0.6549	0.0102	0.0231	0.0665	0.1311	0.2545	0.7020
8	TL-PINN	RT-3	RT-2	0.5835	0.0073	0.0199	0.0602	0.1139	0.1735	0.5727
9	TL-PINN	RT-4	RT-2	0.5477	0.0075	0.0113	0.0328	0.0809	0.1965	1.0983
10	TL-PINN	RT-5	RT-2	0.8738	0.0219	0.0444	0.1263	0.2372	0.4429	0.4070
11	PINN	–	RT-3	0.5498	0.0071	0.0159	0.0445	0.0895	0.1673	0.3081
12	TL-PINN	RT-1	RT-3	0.6625	0.0091	0.0186	0.0577	0.1151	0.2337	1.4637
13	TL-PINN	RT-2	RT-3	0.5490	0.0132	0.0234	0.0641	0.1161	0.1982	0.8151
14	TL-PINN	RT-4	RT-3	0.5230	0.0057	0.0134	0.0413	0.0810	0.1613	0.3776
15	TL-PINN	RT-5	RT-3	0.5715	0.0077	0.1301	0.0418	0.0818	0.1839	0.3742
16	PINN	–	RT-4	0.5211	0.0061	0.0134	0.0378	0.0807	0.1596	0.2976
17	TL-PINN	RT-1	RT-4	0.6739	0.0078	0.0229	0.0659	0.1239	0.2336	0.9247
18	TL-PINN	RT-2	RT-4	0.5927	0.0160	0.0273	0.0724	0.1269	0.2177	0.7603
19	TL-PINN	RT-3	RT-4	0.5498	0.0071	0.0159	0.0446	0.0895	0.1673	0.3081
20	TL-PINN	RT-5	RT-4	0.5076	0.0080	0.0141	0.0391	0.0845	0.1614	0.4719
21	PINN	–	RT-5	0.6049	0.0094	0.0229	0.0648	0.1146	0.2197	0.4187
22	TL-PINN	RT-1	RT-5	0.6898	0.0010	0.0244	0.0637	0.1195	0.2219	0.4050
23	TL-PINN	RT-2	RT-5	0.5569	0.0093	0.0243	0.0661	0.1239	0.2361	0.5579
24	TL-PINN	RT-3	RT-5	0.6715	0.1179	0.0252	0.0699	0.1232	0.2186	0.4777
25	TL-PINN	RT-4	RT-5	0.5722	0.0079	0.0203	0.0568	0.1058	0.1967	0.5602

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Table 2 Mean residual errors of neutron and precursors density for PINN and TL-PINN predictions of RT-1, RT-2, RT-3, RT-4, and RT-5.

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