Table 4 The ecological and human health risk posed by heavy metals at all sampling sites of the study area.

Sampling sites	Pb			Cr			Cu			Zn			RI
Sampling sites	CF	I_geo	PERF	CF	I_geo	PERF	CF	I_geo	PERF	CF	I_geo	PERF	RI
Bhadrak	1.64	0.33	8.22	5.06	1.01	10.11	0.98	0.28	4.90	0.61	0.12	0.61	23.84
Chandaneswar	1.32	0.27	6.61	4.34	0.87	8.69	0.38	0.11	1.92	0.46	0.09	0.46	17.67
Chilika	2.01	0.40	10.07	2.34	0.47	4.69	0.89	0.25	4.43	0.72	0.14	0.72	19.91
Daringbadi	1.12	0.22	5.58	3.63	0.73	7.26	0.61	0.17	3.05	0.60	0.12	0.60	16.49
Hirakud	2.56	0.51	12.81	7.60	1.53	15.20	0.59	0.17	2.95	0.56	0.11	0.56	31.53
Koraput	0.78	0.16	3.89	4.03	0.81	8.06	0.93	0.26	4.65	0.78	0.16	0.78	17.38
Talcher	1.57	0.31	7.84	6.97	1.40	13.94	0.55	0.15	2.74	0.42	0.08	0.42	24.94
Titlagarh	1.83	0.37	9.16	3.57	0.72	7.14	0.86	0.24	4.28	0.74	0.15	0.74	21.32

CF contamination factor, I_geo Geo-accumulation index, PERF potential ecological risk factor, RI ecological risk index.

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