Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics.

From: The accumulation of erythrocytes quantified and visualized by Glycophorin C in carotid atherosclerotic plaque reflects intraplaque hemorrhage and pre-procedural neurological symptoms

Variable

Overall, N = 18191

Male, N = 12771

Female, N = 5421

p-value2

Age—years

69 (9)

69 (9)

70 (10)

0.21

Systolic BP—mmHg

153 (26)

153 (25)

153 (26)

0.72

Diastolic BP—mmHg

82 (28)

82 (25)

81 (34)

0.076

Hypertension

1345/1787 (75%)

915/1255 (73%)

430/532 (81%)

 < 0.001

Diabetes mellitus

447/1819 (25%)

319/1277 (25%)

128/542 (24%)

0.54

Hypercholesterolemia

1187/1687 (70%)

833/1192 (70%)

354/495 (72%)

0.50

Total cholesterol—mmol/L

4.64 (3.90, 5.51)

4.50 (3.81, 5.34)

5.00 (4.03, 5.91)

 < 0.001

LDL—mmol/L

2.68 (2.07, 3.44)

2.60 (2.02, 3.30)

2.79 (2.20, 3.78)

0.002

HDL—mmol/L

1.12 (0.93, 1.40)

1.07 (0.90, 1.30)

1.30 (1.05, 1.60)

 < 0.001

Triglycerides—mmol/L

1.46 (1.07, 2.07)

1.50 (1.07, 2.10)

1.40 (1.09, 1.95)

0.19

Body Mass Index—kg/m2

26.1 (24.1, 28.7)

26.2 (24.2, 28.7)

25.7 (23.2, 28.7)

0.012

eGFR—mL/min/1.73/m2

73.2 (21.5)

74.5 (21.5)

70.3 (21.1)

 < 0.001

Smoking status

   

 < 0.001

 Current smoker

612/1731 (35%)

396/1222 (32%)

216/509 (42%)

 

 Ex-smoker

886/1731 (51%)

691/1222 (57%)

195/509 (38%)

 

 Never smoked

233/1731 (13%)

135/1222 (11%)

98/509 (19%)

 

History of CAD

602/1818 (33%)

471/1277 (37%)

131/541 (24%)

 < 0.001

History of PAOD

383/1818 (21%)

272/1277 (21%)

111/541 (21%)

0.71

History of peripheral interventions

381/1812 (21%)

257/1272 (20%)

124/540 (23%)

0.19

History of TIA/Stroke

1426/1819 (78%)

996/1277 (78%)

430/542 (79%)

0.53

Use of antihypertensive drugs

1380/1814 (76%)

967/1275 (76%)

413/539 (77%)

0.72

Use of statins

1444/1813 (80%)

1011/1274 (79%)

433/539 (80%)

0.64

Use of antiplatelet drugs

1589/1813 (88%)

1105/1274 (87%)

484/539 (90%)

0.070

Use of oral anticoagulants

205/1807 (11%)

156/1270 (12%)

49/537 (9.1%)

0.053

Ipsilateral carotid stenosis3

   

0.021

 0–50%

10/1779 (0.6%)

7/1245 (0.6%)

3/534 (0.6%)

 

 50–70%

143/1779 (8.0%)

114/1245 (9.2%)

29/534 (5.4%)

 

 70–99%

1626/1779 (91%)

1124/1245 (90%)

502/534 (94%)

 

Contralateral carotid stenosis3

   

0.41

 0–50%

949/1662 (57%)

661/1171 (56%)

288/491 (59%)

 

 50–100%

713/1662 (43%)

510/1171 (44%)

203/491 (41%)

 

Pre-procedural neurological symptoms

   

0.10

 Asymptomatic

234/1813 (13%)

178/1273 (14%)

56/540 (10%)

 

 Ocular

334/1813 (18%)

223/1273 (18%)

111/540 (21%)

 

 TIA

754/1813 (42%)

523/1273 (41%)

231/540 (43%)

 

 Stroke

491/1813 (27%)

349/1273 (27%)

142/540 (26%)

 

Percentage glycophorin C stain4

5.89 (2.69, 12.08)

7.15 (3.37, 13.41)

4.06 (1.98, 8.32)

 < 0.001

  1. 1Mean (SD); n/N (%); Median (IQR).
  2. 2Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson's Chi-squared test; Fisher's exact test.
  3. 3Degree of stenosis determined by US or CTA according to NASCET.
  4. 4Calculated as (glycophorin C stain/plaque size)*100.
  5. BP blood pressure, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated Glomerular filtration rate, TIA transient ischemic attack.
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