Table 2 Effect of sire, inbreeding, parity, udder shape and age at first calving on udder measurements (cm) for Friesian cows (LSM ± SE).

Factor	No.	UW	UFD	URD	ULV	UH
Sire	(180)¹	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Min		30.30 ± 1.30	15.25 ± 1.58	20.54 ± 1.19	− 6.11 ± 1.14	50.67 ± 3.60
Max		34.70 ± 1.70	22.28 ± 1.31	26.09 ± 1.58	− 0.34 ± 1.11	60.13 ± 2.22
Inbreeding		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Non inbred	650	33.04 ± 0.34	20.27 ± 0.53	23.89 ± 0.61	− 3.62 ± 0.57	54.66 ± 1.06
Inbred	650	32.38 ± 0.38	20.13 ± 0.52	24.35 ± 0.60	− 4.22 ± 0.56	55.88 ± 1.05
Parity		ns	**	ns	ns	ns
1	580	31.41 ± 0.41	17.51^c ± 0.60	22.19 ± 0.69	− 4.68 ± 0.64	57.23 ± 1.18
2	370	32.87 ± 0.87	18.97^b ± 0.56	24.34 ± 0.64	− 5.36 ± 0.60	56.87 ± 1.07
3	130	32.39 ± 1.39	22.58^a ± 1.01	24.97 ± 1.16	− 2.39 ± 1.08	54.07 ± 1.96
4	120	33.18 ± 1.18	20.60^ab ± 1.11	25.50 ± 1.28	− 4.90 ± 1.20	54.40 ± 2.21
5 and over	100	33.70 ± 1.70	21.33^ab ± 1.17	23.61 ± 1.35	− 2.28 ± 1.26	53.79 ± 2.33
Shape		**	**	**	**	ns
Bowl	320	38.47^a ± 0.90	23.65^a ± 0.57	28.91^a ± 0.66	− 5.26^b ± 0.62	56.04 ± 1.91
Round	580	33.46^b ± 0.64	19.92^b ± 0.53	23.40^b ± 0.61	− 3.48^a ± 0.57	56.01 ± 1.36
Cup	400	26.21^c ± 0.92	17.02^c ± 0.63	20.05^c ± 0.72	− 3.03^a ± 0.68	53.76 ± 1.95
Reg. on age at first calving²	1300	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Reg. on age at first calving²	1300	(0.15 ± 0.14)	(0.11 ± 0.08)	(0.14 ± 0.11)	(− 0.02 ± 0.06)	(0.18 ± 0.11)

UW Udder width, UFD Udder front depth, URD Udder rear depth, ULV udder levelness, UH Udder height, ns Not significant.
¹Number of sire.
²Number between practices: simple regression (b ± SE).
^a^–cLeast Squares Means with different letters in the same column are significantly different.
**Significant at P < 0.01.

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