Table 3 Relative risks of OAG associated with cumulative duration of antihypertensive medication use.

From: Effect of antihypertensive medications on the risk of open-angle glaucoma

 

Glaucoma

No glaucoma

RR (95% CI)

(n = 5,195)

(n = 25,975)

Crude

Adjusted*

Diuretics

 ≤ 2 years

1208

4938

1.084 (1.016–1.156)

1.098 (1.022–1.181)

 2–4 years

142

559

1.117 (0.994–1.256)

0.982 (0.856–1.126)

 > 4 years

149

716

0.950 (0.846–1.067)

0.874 (0.769–0.994)

β-blockers

 ≤ 2 years

1080

4522

1.106 (1.038–1.179)

1.086 (1.014–1.164)

 2–4 years

143

720

0.951 (0.845–1.069)

0.945 (0.831–1.073)

 > 4 years

206

934

1.037 (0.937–1.147)

0.982 (0.876–1.100)

Calcium channel blockers

 ≤ 2 years

1223

5228

1.082 (1.028–1.140)

1.053 (0.994–1.115)

 2–4 years

267

1247

1.007 (0.924–1.097)

0.945 (0.859–1.041)

 > 4 years

443

2031

1.022 (0.953–1.097)

0.984 (0.909–1.065)

ACE inhibitors

 ≤ 2 years

504

1956

1.088 (0.985–1.201)

1.037 (0.929–1.157)

 2–4 years

64

220

1.196 (1.006–1.422)

1.021 (0.834–1.249)

 > 4 years

59

293

0.890 (0.740–1.069)

0.898 (0.737–1.094)

ARB

 ≤ 2 years

809

3329

1.079 (1.012–1.150)

1.004 (0.936–1.076)

 2–4 years

192

840

1.027 (0.928–1.136)

1.010 (0.906–1.126)

 > 4 years

234

1030

1.022 (0.930–1.122)

1.025 (0.926–1.136)

  1. *Adjusted for age, sex, calendar year of HTN diagnosis, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, SBP, DBP, MI, CAOD, CKD, follow-up duration and use of other types of antihypertensive drug.
  2. RR relative risks, CI confidence interval, ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, HTN hypertension, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MI myocardial infarction, CAOD coronary artery occlusive disease, CKD chronic kidney disease.
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