Table 4 Relative risks of OAG of antihypertensive medication stratified by combined use of other antihypertensive medications.

From: Effect of antihypertensive medications on the risk of open-angle glaucoma

Other medication

Diuretics

No glaucoma

Glaucoma

RR (95% CI)

Crude

Adjusted*

Use of diuretics

 Without

    

 With

    

Use of β-blockers

 Without

4700

1019

1

1

 With

5491

1451

1.083 (1.045–1.123)

1.049 (1.005–1.096)

Use of CCB

 Without

2279

544

1

1

 With

7912

1926

1.008 (0.966–1.052)

0.972 (0.924–1.023)

Use of ACEi

 Without

7908

1831

1

1

 With

2283

639

1.079 (1.036–1.123)

0.984 (0.935–1.035)

Use of ARB

 Without

2648

531

1

1

 With

7543

1939

1.107 (1.059–1.156)

1.089 (1.035–1.147)

Other medication

ACEi

No glaucoma

Glaucoma

RR (95% CI)

Crude

Adjusted*

Use of diuretics

 Without

1011

230

1

1

 With

2627

735

1.086 (1.016–1.161)

0.985 (0.907–1.069)

Use of β-blockers

 Without

1422

346

1

1

 With

2216

619

1.056 (0.996–1.120)

1.032 (0.957–1.113)

Use of CCB

 Without

957

215

1

1

 With

2681

750

1.092 (1.200–1.169)

0.989 (0.910–1.076)

Use of ACEi

 Without

    

 With

    

Use of ARB

 Without

906

177

1

1

 With

2732

788

1.170 (1.087–1.260)

1.071 (0.982–1.169)

Other medication

β-blockers

No glaucoma

Glaucoma

RR (95% CI)

Crude

Adjusted*

Use of diuretics

 Without

3744

631

1

1

 With

7245

1781

1.170 (1.122–1.219)

1.050 (0.999–1.104)

Use of β-blockers

 Without

    

 With

    

Use of CCB

 Without

3026

576

1

1

 With

7963

1836

1.082 (1.037–1.130)

0.996 (0.947–1.049)

Use of ACEi

 Without

8681

1772

1

1

 With

2308

640

1.132 (1.087–1.178)

1.020 (0.969–1.074)

Use of ARB

 Without

3358

637

1

1

 With

7631

1775

1.088 (1.044–1.134)

1.036 (0.986–1.089)

Other medication

ARB

No glaucoma

Glaucoma

RR (95% CI)

Crude

Adjusted*

Use of diuretics

 Without

4650

848

1

1

 With

8947

2136

1.118 (1.078–1.159)

1.026 (0.983–1.071)

Use of β-blockers

 Without

7718

1559

1

1

 With

5879

1425

1.078 (1.043–1.113)

1.010 (0.970–1.053)

Use of CCB

 Without

4012

765

1

1

 With

9585

2219

1.084 (1.044–1.125)

1.037 (0.991–1.086)

Use of ACEi

 Without

11,217

2291

1

1

 With

2380

693

1.153 (1.110–1.197)

1.022 (0.974–1.072)

Use of ARB

 Without

    

 With

    

Other medication

CCB

No glaucoma

Glaucoma

RR (95% CI)

Crude

Adjusted*

Use of diuretics

 Without

5689

1064

1

1

 With

10,666

2450

1.089 (1.054–1.125)

0.997 (0.959–1.036)

Use of β-blockers

 Without

8827

1754

1

1

 With

7528

1760

1.069 (1.038–1.102)

1.003 (0.966–1.040)

Use of CCB

 Without

    

 With

    

Use of ACEi

 Without

13,645

2767

1

1

 With

2710

747

1.132 (1.092–1.174)

1.009 (0.964–1.056)

Use of ARB

 Without

4507

844

1

1

 With

11,848

2670

1.080 (1.042–1.119)

1.055 (1.012–1.099)

  1. *Adjusted for age, sex, calendar year of HTN diagnosis, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, SBP, DBP, MI, CAOD, CKD, follow-up duration and use of other types of antihypertensive drug.
  2. RR relative risks, CI confidence interval, ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, HTN hypertension, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MI myocardial infarction, CAOD coronary artery occlusive disease, CKD chronic kidney disease.
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