Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Age, years (mean ± SD)

49.7 ± 16.79

54.5 ± 16.97

 < .0001

Sex, n (%)

0.0695

 Male

12,227 (42.83)

103 (49.05)

 Female

16,324 (57.17)

107 (50.95)

Residence, n (%)

0.0059

 Urban

22,006 (77.08)

145 (69.05)

 Rural

6,545 (22.92)

65 (30.95)

Education level, n (%)

0.0006

 ≤ Elementary school

7454 (26.58)

75 (36.59)

 Middle school

3251 (11.59)

31 (15.12)

 High school

9543 (34.02)

61 (29.76)

 ≥ College or graduate school

7800 (27.81)

38 (18.54)

Household income, n (%)

0.005

 Lower

5739 (20.38)

54 (26.21)

 Lower middle

7079 (25.14)

65 (31.55)

 Upper middle

7703 (27.36)

40 (19.42)

 Upper

7634 (27.11)

47 (22.82)

Occupation, n (%)

0.4715

 Managers, experts and related workers

3292 (11.77)

17 (8.29)

 Office workers

2157 (7.71)

15 (7.32)

 Service and sales personnel

3497 (12.5)

24 (11.71)

 Agricultural, forestry and fishery skilled workers

2467 (8.82)

25 (12.2)

 Technicians, equipment and machine operation and assembly workers

2527 (9.03)

16 (7.8)

 Simple labor workers

2421 (8.65)

20 (9.76)

 Unemployed (housewife, student, etc.)

11,615 (41.52)

88 (42.93)

Drinking, n (%)

0.0322

 Never

13,124 (47.4)

111 (54.95)

 Yes

14,566 (52.6)

91 (45.05)

Smoking, n (%)

0.3417

 None (never-smoker or ex-smoker)

21,894 (79.08)

155 (76.35)

 Yes (current smoker)

5792 (20.92)

48 (23.65)

Obesity, n (%)

0.5304

 Low weight (BMI < 18.5)

1326 (4.73)

7 (3.43)

 Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25)

17,852 (63.69)

127 (62.25)

 Obese (25 ≤ BMI)

8852 (31.58)

70 (34.31)

Hypertension, n (%)

0.1281

 No

22,317 (78.17)

155 (73.81)

 Yes

6234 (21.83)

55 (26.19)

Diabetes, n (%)

0.2663

 No

26,290 (92.08)

189 (90)

 Yes

2261 (7.92)

21 (10)

CPI, n (%)

< .0001

 No (0,1,2)

20,389 (71.41)

121 (57.62)

 Yes (3,4)

8162 (28.59)

89 (42.38)