Table 3 Risk of PE during pregnancy according to quartiles of dietary minerals intake by excluding participants with gestational diabetes mellitus.

From: The association between dietary mineral intake and the risk of preeclampsia in Chinese pregnant women: a matched case–control study

 

Quartiles of dietary intake energy–adjusted

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Ptrend#

Calcium

 n (case/control)

162/95

93/96

66/96

61/95

 

 Median, g/d (case/control)

426.23/463.36

561.65/562.59

653.40/661.60

801.79/795.41

 

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.78 (0.61–1.01)

0.65 (0.49–0.86)**

0.62 (0.46–0.83)**

 < 0.001**

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00

0.78 (0.60–1.03)

0.73 (0.54–0.99)*

0.70 (0.50–0.97)*

0.02*

Magnesium

 n (case/control)

182/95

87/96

62/96

51/95

 

 Median, g/d (case/control)

319.90/336.28

376.51/379.15

415.80/423.07

487.19/491.56

 

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.72 (0.56–0.93)*

0.60 (0.45–0.80)**

0.53 (0.39–0.73)**

 < 0.001**

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00

0.77 (0.58–1.01)

0.69 (0.50–0.96)*

0.63 (0.42–0.96)*

0.009**

Phosphorus

 n (case/control)

214/95

78/96

53/96

37/95

 

 Median, g/d (case/control)

884.86/917.65

1029.28/1026.00

1118.16/1124.81

1238.77/1261.41

 

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.65 (0.50–0.84)**

0.51 (0.38–0.69)**

0.41 (0.29–0.57)**

 < 0.001**

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00

0.69 (0.53–0.92)**

0.59 (0.42–0.81)**

0.44 (0.30–0.64)**

 < 0.001**

Iron

 n (case/control)

217/95

83/96

53/96

30/95

 

 Median, mg/d (case/control)

16.79/17.31

18.90/18.90

20.51/20.44

22.99/22.98

 

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.66 (0.51–0.85)**

0.51 (0.38–0.69)**

0.35 (0.24–0.51)**

 < 0.001**

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00

0.71 (0.54–0.94)*

0.53 (0.38–0.75)**

0.38 (0.25–0.60)**

 < 0.001**

Copper

 n (case/control)

157/95

92/96

72/98

61/93

 

 Median, mg/d (case/control)

1.74/1.93

2.78/2.72

4.43/4.59

8.45/8.11

 

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.79 (0.61–1.02)

0.68 (0.51–0.90)**

0.64 (0.47–0.86)**

0.001)**

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00

0.93 (0.70–1.24)

0.75 (0.56–1.02)

0.72 (0.52–0.98)*

0.01)*

Manganese

 n (case/control)

155/94

85/98

82/96

60/94

 

 Median, mg/d (case/control)

4.70/4.77

5.51/5.50

6.15/6.21

7.13/7.50

 

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.75 (0.57–0.97)*

0.74 (0.57–0.97)*

0.63 (0.47–0.84)**

0.001**

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00

0.80 (0.60–1.06)

0.80 (0.60–1.07)

0.66 (0.47–0.93)*

0.02*

Zinc

 n (case/control)

223/91

92/102

39/97

28/92

 

 Median, mg/d (case/control)

8.37/8.72

9.68/9.72

10.62/10.65

11.71/12.16

 

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.67 (0.52–0.85)**

0.40 (0.29–0.57)**

0.33 (0.22–0.49)**

 < 0.001**

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00

0.72 (0.55–0.94)*

0.47 (0.33–0.68)**

0.33 (0.21–0.53)**

 < 0.001**

  1. OR odds ratios, CI confidence interval, Q quartile.
  2. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.
  3. #Determined by entering the median intake from each quartile as a continuous variable in the regression models.
  4. aAdjusted OR from the conditional logistic model adjusted for age, gestational week, pre–pregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, educational level, income, parity, adverse pregnancy history, family history of hypertension, physical activity, the use of multivitamin and mineral supplements, daily energy intake and energy–adjusted daily vegetable and fruit intake using the Enter Method.
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