Figure 2
BTBR maternal isolation-induced USVs. (a) Diagram of the experimental design. (b) The number (#) of USVs were not affected by the environmental enrichment at either age, but decreased from PD 6 to PD 12 in both conditions (Mixed effects ANOVA: condition (standard vs enriched): F(1, 36) = 0.05, p = 0.83, condition x day: F(1, 36) = 2.78, p = 0.10, day: F(1, 36) = 14.45, p < 0.001). (c) USV duration was not affected by environmental enrichment at either age, but decreased over time in both conditions (Mixed effects ANOVA: condition: F(1, 33) = 3.48, p = 0.07, condition x day: F(1, 33) = 2.05, p = 0.16, day: F(1, 33) = 18.31, p < 0.001). (d) Peak frequencies were not affected by the housing condition at either time point, but were increased across time in both conditions (Mixed effects ANOVA: condition: F(1, 33) = .29, p = 0.59, condition x day: F(1, 33) = 6.93, p = 0.01, and day: F(1, 33) = 103.4, p < 0.001). (e) Fundamental frequencies were not affected by any variables (Mixed effects ANOVA: condition: F(1, 33) = 2.57, p = 0.12), condition x day: F(1, 33) = 0.00, p = 0.98, day: F(1, 33) = 2.62, p = 0.12). (f) Amplitudes were not affected by the housing condition at either time point, but were increased across time (Mixed effects ANOVA: condition: F(1, 33) = 0.59, p = 0.45, condition x day, p = 0.99, day: F(1, 33) 22.76, p < 0.001). For every graph, the listed p values were obtained with Sidak post-hoc tests. ns: not significant.
