Figure 3
Maternal isolation-induced USVs of B6 pups. (a) The number (#) of USVs was not affected by either housing condition or age (Mixed effects ANOVA: condition: F(1, 30) = 1.47, p = 0.24, condition x day: F(1, 30) = 0.02, p = 0.90, and day: F(1, 30) = 0.59, p = 0.45). (b) USV’s durations were longer in the standard versus enriched housing group but were not affected by age (Mixed effects ANOVA: condition: F(1, 29) = 5.38, p = 0.03, condition x day: F(1, 29) = 0.006, p = 0.94, day: F(1, 29) = 0.20, p = 0.66). (c, d) The peak and fundamental frequencies were higher in the standard vs enriched housing condition but were not affected by age (Mixed effects ANOVA: peak frequency: condition: F(1, 29) = 31.81, p < 0.001, condition x day: F(1, 29) = 1.22, p = 0.28, day: F(1, 29) = 2.67, p = 0.11), (fundamental frequency: condition: F(1, 29) = 16.17, p < 0.001, group x day F(1, 29) = 0.00, p = 0.98, day F(1, 29) = 1.60, p 0.22). (e) USV’s amplitudes (i.e., loudness) were not affected by the housing condition, but increased with age (Mixed effects ANOVA: condition: F(1, 29) = 1.88, p = 0.18, condition x day: F(1, 29) = 0.87, p = 0.36, day: F(1, 29) = 6.90, = 0.01). For every graph, the listed p values were obtained with Sidak post-hoc tests. ns: not significant.
