Table 1 Demographic and cardiometabolic features of participants across energy-adjusted tertiles of legumes and nuts intake (n = 527).

From: Legumes and nuts intake in relation to metabolic health status, serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and adropin levels in adults

Variables

Tertiles of energy-adjusted legumes and nuts intake1

P-value2

Tertile 1 (n = 175)

(< 34.26 g/day)

Tertile 2 (n = 176)

(34.26–54.46 g/day)

Tertile 3 (n = 176)

(> 54.46 g/day)

Age (year)

42.36 ± 11.81

43.08 ± 10.69

42.53 ± 11.09

0.82

Body weight (kg)

78.22 ± 14.30

73.81 ± 13.27

75.31 ± 15.81

0.02

BMI (kg/m2)

27.17 ± 4.20

26.68 ± 4.15

26.88 ± 4.92

0.52

WC (cm)

94.04 ± 10.87

91.69 ± 11.15

92.26 ± 12.33

0.14

Sex

0.01

 Male

112 (64.0)

80 (45.5)

94 (53.4)

 

 Female

63 (36.0)

96 (54.5)

82 (46.6)

 

Education

0.28

 Diploma or lower

21 (12.1)

23 (13.1)

14 (8.0)

 

 Higher than Diploma

153 (87.9)

152 (86.9)

160 (92.0)

 

Marital status

0.71

 Single

28 (16.2)

25 (14.3)

32 (18.4)

 

 Married

142 (82.1)

147 (84.0)

141 (81.0)

 

 Divorced or widow

3 (1.7)

3 (1.7)

1 (0.6)

 

Smoking

0.18

 Non-smoker

146 (93.6)

148 (93.1)

146 (94.2)

 

 Ex-smoker

2 (1.3)

8 (5.0)

5 (3.2)

 

 Smoker

8 (5.1)

3 (1.9)

4 (2.6)

 

SES

0.79

 Low

33 (30.8)

35 (31.5)

38 (32.5)

 

 Moderate

33 (30.8)

40 (36.0)

34 (29.1)

 

 High

41 (38.3)

36 (32.4)

45 (38.5)

 

Physical activity levels

0.32

 Inactive

99 (56.6)

100 (57.1)

98 (56.3)

 

 Minimally active

67 (38.3)

56 (32.0)

63 (36.2)

 

 Active

9 (5.1)

19 (10.9)

13 (7.5)

 

High SBP (≥ 130 mmHg)

54 (30.9)

41 (23.3)

48 (27.3)

0.28

High DBP (≥ 85 mmHg)

73 (41.7)

68 (38.6)

69 (39.2)

0.82

High FBG (≥ 100 mg/dL)

39 (22.3)

37 (21.0)

28 (15.9)

0.28

High TG (≥ 150 mg/dL)

81 (46.3)

54 (30.7)

58 (33.0)

0.01

Low HDL-C (< 40 mg/dL in men, < 50 mg/dL in women)

26 (14.9)

19 (10.8)

16 (9.1)

0.22

High HOMA-IR score (> 3.99)

19 (10.9)

18 (10.2)

15 (8.5)

0.75

High hs-CRP (> 6.4 mg/L)

19 (10.9)

18 (10.2)

15 (8.5)

0.75

Low BDNF (< 0.47 ng/mL, 1st decile)

25 (14.3)

14 (8.0)

15 (8.5)

0.10

Adropin (pg/mL)

50.40 ± 21.47

59.19 ± 49.53

60.01 ± 43.12

0.06

  1. Quantitative variables: means ± standard deviation (SD). Qualitative variables: frequency (percentage).
  2. 1Legumes and nuts intake was adjusted for energy intake based on residual method.
  3. 2Resulted from ANOVA for quantitative variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.
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