Table 1 Comparison of demographic characteristics and comorbidities between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with or without sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.

Sex

0.009

 Female

38,323

44.80

37,936

44.34

 Male

47,227

55.20

47,614

55.66

Age

 40–59

38,294

44.76

38,512

45.02

0.005

 60–79

44,560

52.09

44,290

51.77

0.006

 ≥ 80

2696

3.15

2748

3.21

0.003

 Mean (SD)

60.86

9.77

60.74

9.77

0.012

Income

 < 20,000

17,081

19.97

17,001

19.87

0.002

 20,000–39,999

46,004

53.77

46,014

53.79

 < 0.001

  ≥ 40,000

22,465

26.26

22,535

26.34

0.002

Comorbidity

 Hypertension

66,140

77.31

65,877

77.00

0.007

 Dyslipidemia

74,263

86.81

73,779

86.24

0.017

 CAD

25,923

30.30

26,241

30.67

0.008

 CVA

10,970

12.82

11,268

13.17

 < 0.001

 Liver cirrhosis

988

1.15

1185

1.39

0.021

 CKD

5157

6.03

5335

6.24

0.009

 Obesity

3250

3.80

3387

3.96

0.008

 Smoking

3511

4.10

3610

4.22

0.006

DCSI score

 0–1

18,383

21.49

17,853

20.87

0.015

 2

17,408

20.35

17,413

20.35

 < 0.001

 ≥ 3

49,759

58.16

50,284

58.78

0.012

Anti-diabetic medications

 Sus

66,094

53.77

64,995

52.88

0.030

 TZDs

26,438

21.51

25,964

21.12

0.012

 GLP1Ras

1537

1.25

1625

1.32

0.008

 DPP4is

28,844

23.47

26,876

21.87

0.047

Types of anti-diabetic medications

 1

46,900

54.82

49,771

58.18

0.068

 2

27,533

32.18

25,948

30.33

0.040

 ≥ 3

11,117

12.99

9831

11.49

0.046

Follow up period, mean (SD)

 T2DM

6.79

2.71

7.78

2.38

0.387

 Diabetic retinopathy

2.32

0.84

2.29

0.77

0.045