Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Multilingualism is associated with small task-specific advantages in cognitive performance of older adults

Figure 1

Mean differences (z-standardized) in cognitive performance between language groups in working memory (A), concept shifting (B), interference suppression (C), phonemic fluency (D), and semantic fluency (E). Error bars indicate bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. Only the group differences in working memory, interference suppression, and phonemic fluency remained meaningful after controlling for education level and restrictions in daily activity.

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