Table 4 Absolute error in computation of energy equation.

From: Maximizing electrical output and reducing heat-related losses in photovoltaic thermal systems with a thorough examination of flow channel integration and nanofluid cooling

\(\phi_{2}\)

\(\omega\)

\(\phi_{2}\)

Re

\(\left| {u_{1} \frac{\partial T}{{\partial x}} + u_{2} \frac{\partial T}{{\partial y}} = \alpha_{hnf} \left( {\frac{{\partial^{2} T}}{{\partial x^{2} }} + \frac{{\partial^{2} T}}{{\partial y^{2} }}} \right)} \right|\)

0.001

0.01

0.01

400

3.15E-15

0.001

0.01

0.001

400

3.22E-15

0.001

0.01

0.04

400

4.25E-15

0.001

0.01

0.05

400

4.25E-15

0.04

0.01

0.001

100

5.18E-14

0.001

0.01

0.001

100

5.46E-14

0.01

0.01

0.001

100

5.53E-14

0.04

0.01

0.01

100

5.62E-14

0.001

0.01

0.01

100

5.66E-14

0.01

0.01

0.01

100

5.82E-14

0.04

0.01

0.04

100

6.45E-14

0.01

0.01

0.04

100

6.46E-14

0.04

0.01

0.05

100

6.52E-14

0.01

0.01

0.05

100

6.57E-14

0.05

0.01

0.001

100

8.09E-14

0.05

0.01

0.01

100

8.71E-14

0.001

0.01

0.04

100

8.92E-14

0.001

0.01

0.05

100

9.05E-14

0.05

0.01

0.05

100

9.41E-14

0.05

0.01

0.04

100

9.50E-14