Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival after surgery in elderly patients.

	Variables	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
	Variables	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value
Gender	Male vs. female	0.003	1.81	1.17–2.80	0.008
Age (years)	≥ 85 vs. < 85	0.002	2.79	1.70–4.58	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	≥ 25 vs. < 25	0.765
Histological type	Undifferentiated vs. differentiated	0.469
Lymphatic invasion	Positive vs. negative	< 0.001
Venous invasion	Positive vs. negative	0.001
Tumor location	U vs. M and L	0.328
Pathological N status	N3 vs. N0–2	< 0.001	3.03	1.86–4.95	< 0.001
Pathological T status	T4 vs. T1–3	< 0.001	2.11	1.32–3.38	0.002
Tumor size (mm)	≥ 60 vs. < 60	0.004
Surgical approach	Open vs. laparoscopic	< 0.001	2.01	1.25–3.23	0.004
Surgical procedure	TG vs. DG, PG	0.008
Complications	≥ Grade II vs. < Grade II	< 0.001	2.46	1.60–3.77	< 0.001
Comorbidities	Present vs. absent	0.870
Extent of lymph node	Limited vs. standard	0.186

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