Scientific Reports

Table 1 Water quality parameters.

From: Study on the plant and fish production in the aquaponic system as affected by different hydraulic loading rates

Parameter	Hydraulic loading rate, m day⁻¹
Parameter	1.2	1.8	2.4	3.0
Temperature, °C	23.63 ± 0.81^a	23.57 ± 0.76^a	23.41 ± 0.65^a	23.40 ± 0.44^a
EC, mg L⁻¹	695.37 ± 32.18^a	690.19 ± 25.65^a	675.91 ± 29.16^a	691.22 ± 35.07^a
pH	6.51 ± 0.32^a	6.54 ± 0.29^a	6.76 ± 0.51^a	6.82 ± 0.48^a
DO, mg L⁻¹	6.33 ± 0.89^a	6.58 ± 0.76^a	6.71 ± 0.96^a	6.93 ± 0.80^a
NH₃, mg L⁻¹	0.026 ± 0.001^b	0.025 ± 0.001^a	0.023 ± 0.001^a	0.024 ± 0.002^a
Nitrite, mg L⁻¹	0.41 ± 0.06^b	0.29 ± 0.04^a	0.29 ± 0.05^a	0.31 ± 0.07^a
Nitrate, mg L⁻¹	16.33 ± 2.59^b	16.10 ± 3.81^b	14.48 ± 2.61^a	16.11 ± 4.84^b
Phosphorus, mg L⁻¹	8.92. ± 3.31^a	10.77 ± 2.85^b	11.02 ± 1.26^b	10.73 ± 1.99^b
Potassium, mg L⁻¹	47.25 ± 4.02^d	45.90 ± 4.87^c	39.81 ± 4.55^a	43.61 ± 5.02^b
Calcium, mg L⁻¹	32.61 ± 5.30^a	34.09 ± 5.91^a	40.11 ± 2.38^b	40.78 ± 3.83^b
Magnesium, mg L⁻¹	21.58 ± 4.61^a	24.52 ± 3.64^c	24.99 ± 3.07^c	23.74 ± 3.17^b

Means on the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).

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