Table 1 Characteristics of included studies.
Author, year | Country | Study design | BDNF measurement tool | Source (serum, plasma) | Number of participants | Definition for alcohol use disorder | Time of being alcoholic | Age (mean + SD) | Male (%) | Withdrawal | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. C. Lhullier (2015) | Brazil | Cross-sectional | DuoSet ELISA Development, R&D systems, minneapolis, MN | Serum | Cases = 77 Controls = 718 Total = 795 | CAGE questionnaire | – | 26.06 5.14 | 0.4352 | – | GOOD |
Bus, B. A. (2011) | the Netherlands | Cohort study | NR | Serum | Cases = 1168 | NR | NR | 18–65 | NR | No | Good |
Cavus, S. Y. (2012) | Turkey | Case control | Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA) | Serum | Cases = 31 Controls = 29 Total = 60 | DSM-IV-TR | NR | 18–65 | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | Yes | Good |
Costa, M. A. (2011) | France | Case control | NR | Serum | Cases = 101 Controls = 41 Total = 142 | Clinical signs and measured levels of biological markers of alcohol consumption | NR | NR | NR | Yes | Poor |
Garcia-Marchena, N. (2017) | Spain | Case control | Bio-Plex Suspension Array System 200 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercles, CA, USA) | Plasma | Cases = 91 Controls = 55 Total = 146 | DSM-IV-TR | 13 years | Cases = 47.91 (7.69) Controls = 45.15 (10.06) | Cases = 67% Controls = 65.5% | No | Good |
Geisel, O. (2016) | Germany | Case control | NR | Serum | NR | NR | NR | 18–65 | NR | Yes | Fair |
Gorka, S. M. (2020) | USA | Case control | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (BioVision, Milpitas, CA) | Plasma | Cases = 34 Controls = 23 Total = 57 | DSM-5 Disorders | NR | Cases = 23.6 Controls = 24.0 | Cases = 60.6% Controls = 45.8% Total = 54.4% | No | Good |
Heberlein, A. (2010) | Germany | Case control | CIWA-Ar score | Serum | Cases = 81 Controls = 41 Total = 122 | NR | NR | NR | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | Yes | Poor |
Heberlein, A. (2014) | Germany | Case control | NR | Serum | Cases = 30 Controls = 18 Total = 48 | NR | NR | NR | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | Yes | Poor |
Heberlein, A. (2016) | Germany | Case control | NR | Serum | Cases = 99 Controls = 17 Total = 116 | NR | NR | NR | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | Yes | Poor |
Huang, M. C. (2008) | Taiwan | Case control | Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay | Serum | Cases = 25 Controls = 22 Total = 47 | DSM-IV | 8.5 ± 5.8 years | Cases = 41.3 ± 7.8 Controls = 43.6 ± 6.3 | Cases = 84% Controls = 86.3% | Yes | Good |
Huang, M. C. (2011) | Taiwan | Case control | Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay | Serum | Cases = 65 Controls = 39 Total = 104 | DSM-IV | NR | NR | NR | Yes | Fair |
Joe, K. H. (2007) | Korea | Case control | Duo- Set ELISA Development System (DY248; R&D Systems, U.K.) | Plasma | Cases = 64 Controls = 75 Total = 139 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) | 332.4 ± 120.5 months | Cases = 47.62 ± 10.56 Controls = 34.3 ± 11.5 | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | 30 Days | GOOD |
Kethawath, S. M. (2020) | India | Case control | The RayBio Human BDNF ELISA kit, Ray Biotech Ltd., Norcross, Georgia, USA | Serum | Cases = 25 Controls = 25 Total = 50 | ICD-10 criteria | 8.8 (± 7.8) | Cases = 38.2 (± 8.5) Controls = 36.0 (± 11.6) | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | 1 to 10 Days | GOOD |
Kohler, S. (2013) | Germany | Case control | ELISA kit (Promega Inc., Mannheim, Germany) | Plasma | Cases = 15 Controls = 15 Total = 30 | Diagnosis of alcoholism according to DSM IV criteria | 17.6 ± 9 years | Cases = 48.8 ± 7 Controls = 48.6 ± 7 | Cases = 73.3% Controls = 73.3% | 1 to 14 Days | GOOD |
Lee, B. C. (2009) | Hangang | Case control | DuoSet enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Catalog number DY248 and DY256, R&D Systems, UK) | Plasma | Cases = 41 Controls = 41 Total = 82 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria | 12.1 6 10.4 | Cases = 48.3 ± 10.1 Controls = 45.2 ± 9.2 | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | 24 HOURS | GOOD |
Martin-Gonzalez, C. (2021) | Spain | Case control | Quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique | Serum | Cases = 82 Controls = 27 Total = 109 | – | 33 ± 14 | Cases = 58.62 ± 11.21 Controls = 54.52 ± 7.78 | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | – | GOOD |
Meng, D. (2011) | Southwestern | Case control | Sandwich ELISA kit (ChemiKine, Millipore Corp.) | Serum | Cases = 14 Controls = 10 Total = 24 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders– Version IV (DSM-IV) criteria | 18.9 ± 8.7 | Cases = 39.6 ± 10.3 Controls = 37.5 ± 11.9 | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | 4—6 weeks | GOOD |
Silva-Peña, D. (2019) | Spain | Cross-sectional | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (#ab212166, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) | Plasma | Cases = 58 Controls = 22 Total = 80 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—4Version IV (DSM-IV- TR) criteria | _ | Cases = 49.22 (8.20) Controls = 47.27 (10.73) | Cases = 82.8% Controls = 86.4% | ≥ 4 weeks of abstinence | GOOD |
Sonmez, M. B. (2016) | Turkey | Case control | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Boster Biological Tech- nologies, CA, USA) | Serum | Cases = 34 Controls = 32 Total = 66 | Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) | 16.32 ± 8.82 | Cases = 45.44 ± 8.98 Controls = 41.78 ± 13.15 | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | – | GOOD |
Wilhelm, C. J. (2017) | Portland | Case control | Myriad rules based medicine, Inc., a CLIA certified laboratory, using a human inflammation multi-analyte Profile (v 1.0) panel designed to discern inflammatory patterns in biological samples (Austin, TX, USA) | Plasma | Cases = 51 Controls = 31 Total = 82 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders– Version IV (DSM-IV) criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) | Male : average use > 6 standard drinks/day for ≥ 1 year Female: average use > 4 standard drinks/day for ≥ 1 year | Male : Cases = 36.2 (10.6) Controls = 41.3 (13.9) Female : Cases = 34.7 (10.6) Controls = 29.7 (10.3) | Cases = 78.43% Controls = 67.74% | – | GOOD |
Xu, Y. Y. (2020) | China | Case control | Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits | Plasma | Cases = 83 Controls = 61 Total = 144 | International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) criteria | 7.56 ± 6.62 | Cases = 39.16 ± 9.06 Controls = 42.39 ± 11.41 | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | 1 DAY | GOOD |
Zanardini, R. (2011) | Italy | Case control | ELISA with the human BDNF Quantikine kit (cat. DBD00; R&D Systems Minneapolis) | Serum Plasma | Cases = 37 Controls = 37 Total = 74 | Diagnostic and Statis- tical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria | 7.65 years | Cases = 50.11 ± 11.05 Controls = 50.00 ± 10.93 | Cases = 67.56% Controls = 67.56% | – | GOOD |
Zhang, X. Y. (2016) | China | Case control | Sandwich ELISA | Serum | Drinking only (case1) = 31 Non-smoking + non-drinking (control1) = 55 Smoking + drinking (case2) = 58 Smoking only (control2) = 47 | Axis I disorders on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) | – | Drinking only (case1) = 43.4 ± 16.5 Non-smoking + non-drinking (control1) = 41.6 ± 17.0 Smoking + drinking (case2) = 42.2 ± 13.3 Smoking only (control2) = 45.0 ± 14.7 | Cases = 100% Controls = 100% | – | GOOD |
Zhou, L. (2017) | China | Case control | ELISA | Cases = 30 Controls = 50 Total = 80 | International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) criteria | 16.971 ± 5.8 | Cases = 43.891 ± 7.522 Controls = 43.696 ± 8.773 | GOOD |
