Figure 1


Effect of WA on DM induced reproductive dysfunction; (A) Body weight. (B) Paired testes weight. (C) Testicular volume. (D) Testis density. (E) Gonado-somatic index. (F) Graph showing fasting blood glucose levels weekly and (G) Area under curve (AUC), (calculated as a percentage with respect to normal control mice) over 8 weeks. Blood glucose was measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63. (H) Oral glucose tolerance test including. (I) AUC after an encounter dose of D-glucose (2 g/kg) for the estimation of glucose tolerance in mice. (J) Intraperitoneal insulin (0.75 U/kg) tolerance test including its. (K) AUC after an encounter dose of insulin (0.75 U/kg) for the estimation of glucose clearance in mice. Values are presented as mean ± SD, (n = 6), significance of difference is considered as p ≤ 0.05 (*p ≤ 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.001) with respect to indicated groups. (*, **, and *** indicated the comparison between C and WA, STZ and STZ + WA; #, ##, and ### indicate significant difference from the diabetic (STZ) group at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively. [C, Control; STZ, Streptozotocin; WA, Withaferin-A; STZ + WA, Streptozotocin + Withaferin-A].