Table 4 Comparing the activity of biochar@ZnO–Ce with other nanoparticles in eliminating azo dyes.
Catalyst | Dye | Removal yield (%) | Reaction time | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CS-ZnS-NPs | Acid black 234 | 92.6 | 100 min | |
CS-ZnS-NPs | Acid brown | 98 | 165 min | |
SiO2 NPs | Methylene blue | 98 | 90 min | |
SiO2 NPs | Methyl orange | 95 | 90 min | |
Biochar/Ag NPs | Methylene blue | 96.09 | 140 min | |
ZnO/Al NPs | Rhodamine B | 93.8 | 120 min | |
ZnO/Al NPs | Methylene blue | 94.5 | 120 min | |
TiO2-GO NPs | Methylene blue | 84 | 240 min | |
ZnAl2O4NPs | Congo red | 98.3 | 40 min | |
CuFe2O4NPs | Methylene blue | 93 | 100 min | |
ZnO@biochar | Methylene blue | 95.19 | 20 min | |
Biochar@ZnO–Ce | Reactive blue 19 | 90.08 | 40 min | This study |
